python获取全国各个城市pm2.5、臭氧等空气质量

随着国家发展，中国很多城市的空气质量其实并不好，国家气象局会有实时统计，但是要去写爬虫爬取是十分麻烦的事情，并且官方网站也会做一些反爬虫措施，所以实现起来比较麻烦，最好的办法就是使用现成的免费接口，空气质量指数分析，这里是笔者自己实现的一个python调用方式，代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# flake8: noqa

__author__ = 'wukong'

import urllib

from urllib import urlencode

#配置您申请的appKey和openId

app_key="***"

open_id="***"

"""

request_url 请求地址

params 请求参数

method 请求方法

"""

def request_content(request_url,params,method):

    params = urlencode(params)

    if method and method.lower() =="get":

        f = urllib.urlopen("%s?%s" % (request_url, params))

    else:

        f = urllib.urlopen(request_url, params)

    content = f.read()

    print content

def main():

    domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";

    servlet="life/air/analysis"

    method="get"

    request_url=domain+servlet

    #字典

    params ={}

    params["appKey"]=app_key

    params["openId"]=open_id

    #变动部分

    params["city"]="成都"

    request_content(request_url,params,method)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

java版的代码可以参考如下代码：

package com.xiaocongjisuan.module.example;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.DataOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.URL;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

public class Application {

	 public static final String DEF_CHATSET = "UTF-8";

	 public static final int DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT = 30000;

	 public static final int DEF_READ_TIMEOUT = 30000;

	 public static String userAgent =  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36";

	 //配置您申请的appKey和openId

	 public static final String APP_KEY ="yours";

	 public static final String OPEN_ID ="yours";

	 //将map型转为请求参数型

     public static String urlEncode(Map<String,Object> params) {

    	if(params==null){return "";};

    	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        for (Map.Entry<String,Object> i : params.entrySet()) {

            try {

                sb.append(i.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(i.getValue()+"","UTF-8")).append("&");

            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

        String r=sb.toString();

        if(r.endsWith("&")){

        	r = r.substring(0,r.length()-1);

        }

        return r;

     }

     /**

     *

     * @param requestUrl 请求地址

     * @param params 请求参数

     * @param method 请求方法

     * @return 请求结果

     * @throws Exception

     */

     public static String requestContent(String requestUrl, Map<String,Object> params,String method) throws Exception {

    	HttpURLConnection conn = null;

        BufferedReader reader = null;

        String rs = null;

        try {

        	//组装请求链接

            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

            if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")){

            	requestUrl = requestUrl+"?"+urlEncode(params);

            }

            //默认get

            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);

            conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

            if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")){

            	 conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

                 conn.setDoOutput(true);

                 conn.setDoInput(true);

            }

            //参数配置

            conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", userAgent);

            conn.setUseCaches(false);

            conn.setConnectTimeout(DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT);

            conn.setReadTimeout(DEF_READ_TIMEOUT);

            conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);

            conn.connect();

            if (params!= null && method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {

                try {

                    DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());

                    out.writeBytes(urlEncode(params));

                } catch (Exception e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

            }

            //读取数据

            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();

            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, DEF_CHATSET));

            String strRead = null;

            while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {

                sb.append(strRead);

            }

            rs = sb.toString();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            if (reader != null) {

                reader.close();

            }

            if (conn != null) {

                conn.disconnect();

            }

        }

        return rs;

    }

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

		String domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";

		String servlet="life/air/analysis";

		String method="get";

		String requestUrl=domain+servlet;

		Map<String,Object> params=new HashMap<String,Object>();

		params.put("appKey",APP_KEY);

		params.put("openId",OPEN_ID);

		//变动部分

		params.put("city","成都");

		String result=requestContent(requestUrl,params,method);

		System.out.println(result);

	}

}