1. Linux内核中常用的两个宏定义
(1)offsetof宏:用于计算TYPE结构体中MEMBER成员的偏移位置
#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t)&((TYPE*)0)->MEMBER)
#endif
(2)container_of宏:根据成员变量指针反推结构体对象的起始地址
//const typeof(...):编译期类型检查,const指针兼容const和非const指针类型
#ifndef container_of
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
const typeof(((type*))->member)* __mptr = (ptr); \
(type*)((char*)__mptr - offsetof(type, member));})
#endif
2. 原理剖析
(1)巧用0地址
①编译器清楚的知道结构体成员变量的偏移地址
②通过结构体变量首地址与偏移量定位成员变量
【编程实验】offsetof宏
//offsetof.c
#include "stdio.h" #ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t)&((TYPE*)0)->MEMBER)
#endif struct ST
{
int i; //offset 0
int j; //offset 4
char c; //offset 8
}; void func(struct ST* pst)
{
int* pi = &(pst->i); //(unsigned int)pst + 0;
int* pj = &(pst->j); //(unsigned int)pst + 4;
char* pc = &(pst->c); //(unsigned int)pst + 8; printf("pst = %p\n", pst);
printf("pi = %p\n", pi);
printf("pj = %p\n", pj);
printf("pc = %p\n", pc);
}; int main()
{
struct ST s = {}; func(&s);
func(NULL);//借用0地址计算成员变量的偏移地址,相当于pst=0 printf("offset i: %d\n", offsetof(struct ST, i)); //
printf("offset j: %d\n", offsetof(struct ST, j)); //
printf("offset c: %d\n", offsetof(struct ST, c)); // return ;
}
/*输出结果
pst = 0029FEA4
pi = 0029FEA4
pj = 0029FEA8
pc = 0029FEAC
pst = 00000000
pi = 00000000
pj = 00000004
pc = 00000008
offset i: 0
offset j: 4
offset c: 8
*/
(2)({})是何方神圣
①它是GNU C编译器的语法扩展
②与逗号表达式类似,结果为最后一个语句的值
(3)typeof关键字
①typeof是GNU C编译器的特有关键字
②typeof只在编译期生效,用于得到变量的类型
(4)container_of原理
【编程实验】container_of原理
//container_of.c
#include "stdio.h" #ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t)&((TYPE*)0)->MEMBER)
#endif //const typeof(...):编译期类型检查,const指针兼容const和非const指针类型
#ifndef container_of
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
const typeof(((type*))->member)* __mptr = (ptr); \
(type*)((char*)__mptr - offsetof(type, member));})
#endif struct ST
{
int i; //offset 0
int j; //offset 4
char c; //offset 8
}; //({})是何方神圣
void func()
{
int a = ;
int b = ;
int c = (a=, b=, a+b); //括号表达式
int d = ({int a=; int b=; a+b;}); //({})表达式,其中的{}表示一个作用域,{}外再加上()表示取最后一个语句的值
//功能上类似于逗号表达式,这是GNU C扩展语法
printf("c = %d\n", c);
printf("d = %d\n", d);
} //typeof关键字:GNU C的扩展关键字
void type_of()
{
int i = ;
typeof(i) j = i;
const typeof(j)* p = &j; printf("sizeof(j)= %d\n", sizeof(j));
printf("j = %d\n", j);
printf("*p = %d\n", *p);
} int main()
{
func();
type_of(); struct ST s = {};
char* pc = &s.c; int e = ;
int* pe = &e; struct ST* pst = container_of(pc, struct ST, c);
//struct ST* pst = container_of(pe, struct ST, e); //类型检查,编译不过
printf("&s = %p\n", &s);
printf("pst = %p\n", pst); //pst == &s; return ;
}
/*输出结果
c = 3
d = 3
sizeof(j)= 4
j = 100
*p = 100-
&s = 0029FE94
pst = 0029FE94
*/
3. 小结
(1)编译器清楚地知道结构体成员变量的偏移位置
(2)({})与逗号表达式类似,结果为最后一个语句的值
(3)typeof只在编译期生效,用于得到变量的类型
(4)container_of使用({})进行类型安全检查