- static public void ThreadMain()
- {
- Thread t1 = new Thread(TaskWorker);
- t1.Start(3);
- }
- static public void TaskMain()
- {
- Task t1 = new Task(TaskWorker, 3, TaskCreationOptions.PreferFairness | TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent);
- Console.WriteLine(t1.Status);
- t1.Start();
- t1.Wait(); // need to wait for finishing.
- }
- static public void TaskWorker(object state)
- {
- int nTime = (int)state;
- for (int i = 0; i < nTime; i++)
- {
- Thread.Sleep(100);
- Console.WriteLine(string.Format("current thread {0} sleep for {1} miniseconds .", Task.CurrentId, (i + 1) * 100));
- }
- return;
- }
我们看到TaskWorker都是用于Task以及Thread,都是只能接受一个参数(Action<object>),不过task可以支持工作函数具有返回值(Func<TRessult>()或者Func<object, TResult>)。但是弱的类型输入跟thread一样。Task提供返回值是为了后面说到的task结构层次有用。
下面是调用一个具有返回值的工作函数
- static public int TaskWorkerWithReturn(object state)
- {
- int nTime = (int)state;
- for (int i = 0; i < nTime; i++)
- {
- Thread.Sleep(100);
- Console.WriteLine(string.Format("current thread {0} sleep for {1} miniseconds .", Task.CurrentId, (i + 1) * 100));
- }
- nTime++;
- return nTime;
- }
主调函数为:
- Task<int> t2 = new Task<int>(TaskWorkerWithReturn, 3, TaskCreationOptions.PreferFairness | TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent);
- t2.Start();
- t2.Wait();
- Console.WriteLine(t2.Result);
不管从工作函数是否有返回值,task都需要在其运行过程中至少有一个前台线程在跑,否则会直接退出,根本原因是所有task都是后台线程。task的工作函数的输入参数类型职能是object。
同步
对于没有返回值的工作函数需要通过内核对象来同步主调线程(例如task内置的事件,使用wait来阻塞等待);
对于有返回值的工作函数可以通过访问其Result函数来实现阻塞等待。
- static public int TaskWorkerWithReturn(object state)
- {
- int nTime = (int)state;
- for (int i = 0; i < nTime; i++)
- {
- Thread.Sleep(100);
- Console.WriteLine(string.Format("current thread {0} sleep for {1} miniseconds .", Task.CurrentId, (i + 1) * 100));
- }
- nTime++;
- return nTime;
- }
主调函数:
- Task<int> t2 = new Task<int>(TaskWorkerWithReturn, 3, TaskCreationOptions.PreferFairness | TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning | TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent);
- t2.Start();
- Console.WriteLine("t2:" + t2.Result);
异步调用
作为新的一个特性在.net 4中引入,task能实现丰富的异步调用,使用成员函数ContinueWith来响应异步工作函数的完成,注意,不一定由之前完成异步函数的线程执行。
- static public void TaskMain()
- {
- Task<int> t3 = new Task<int>(FirstTask, 1);
- t3.Start();
- Task<int> t4 = t3.ContinueWith<int>(RecusiveTask);
- Task<int> t5 = t4.ContinueWith<int>(RecusiveTask);
- Task<int> t6 = t5.ContinueWith<int>(RecusiveTask).ContinueWith<int>(RecusiveTask);
- //Console.WriteLine(string.Format("final result: {0}", t6.Result));
- }
- static public int FirstTask(object state)
- {
- int data = (int)state;
- for (int i = 0; i < data; i++)
- {
- Thread.Sleep(100);
- Console.WriteLine(string.Format("current thread {0} slept for {1} milisecond.", Task.CurrentId, (i + 1) * 100));
- }
- data++;
- return data;
- }
- static public int RecusiveTask(Task<int> T)
- {
- int data = T.Result;
- for (int i = 0; i < data; i++)
- {
- Thread.Sleep(100);
- Console.WriteLine(string.Format("current thread {0} slept for {1} milisecond.", Task.CurrentId, (i + 1) * 100));
- }
- data++;
- return data;
- }
输出结果为:
- current thread 1 slept for 100 milisecond.
- current thread 2 slept for 100 milisecond.
- current thread 2 slept for 200 milisecond.
- current thread 3 slept for 100 milisecond.
- current thread 3 slept for 200 milisecond.
- current thread 3 slept for 300 milisecond.
- current thread 4 slept for 100 milisecond.
- current thread 4 slept for 200 milisecond.
- current thread 4 slept for 300 milisecond.
- current thread 4 slept for 400 milisecond.
- current thread 5 slept for 100 milisecond.
- current thread 5 slept for 200 milisecond.
- current thread 5 slept for 300 milisecond.
- current thread 5 slept for 400 milisecond.
- current thread 5 slept for 500 milisecond.
- final result: 6
- 请按任意键继续. . .