实践基于REST风格的Webservice（PHP,C#）

WEB服务的风格，从维基百科上查了一下，有不下十几种，但是比较常用的就是REST和RPC。其中，基于SOAP协议的Webservice就是RPC风格的。REST全称Representational State Transfer。它是基于无状态的，cs结构的，可以缓存的通信协议。事实上，它是使用 HTTP协议的。某些观点来看，互联网本身就是基于HTTP的，因此也可以认为是一种基于REST风格的Webservice。REST风格的Webservice对于SOAP，CORBA（一种和SOAP互相竞争的协议）来说，属于轻量级。请求较之于也比较简单。比如，用SOAP的Webservice的请求可能是如下这样的一个soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding">而使用REST的请求就很简单，只是一个URL地址：http://www.acme.com/phonebook/UserDetails/12345，只需要使用浏览器就能验证这个REST的Webservice是否正常。HTTP的请求方式有多种，GET，POST，PUT，PATCH，DELETE。REST同样可以利用这些请求方式。REST的Webservice的响应通常是一个很多公司都采用REST风格的Webservice，比如 Google Glass API，Twitter，Yahoo，Flickr,Amazon等。比如Google有一个Webservice，Google Maps API，它提供2种输出格式，JSON和该服务的具体使用方法和参数满可以查阅https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/?hl=zh-CN&csw=1#演示：下面演示一个基于PHP语言开发的REST风格的webservice。1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889    {    case 'GET':        $id=$_GET["id"];        $arrayid = explode(",", $id);        search($arrayid);        break;    case 'POST':        $id=$_POST["id"];        $username=$_POST["username"];        $sex=$_POST["sex"];        $age=$_POST["age"];                                               add($id,$username,$sex,$age);        break;    default:        exit();}function search($arrayid){    $users=getCsvFile("example.csv");    $string="";    foreach($users as $a)    {        $id=$a[0];        if(in_array($id,$arrayid))        {            $string.=EOF;        }    }    $string="            ."";                                       header("Content-type:application/    print($string);                                   }function add($id,$username,$sex,$age){    $users=getCsvFile("example.csv");    $string="$id,$username,$sex,$age";                                       WriteLinetxt($string,"example.csv");                                       $string="            ."\r\n";                                       header("Content-type:application/    print($string);                                   }function getCsvFile($filepath)    {        $handle=null;        $returnvalue=array();        try        {            $handle = fopen($filepath,"r");            while ($data = fgetcsv($handle, 1000, ","))            {                array_push($returnvalue,$data);            }            fclose($handle);        }        catch(Exception $e)        {            fclose($handle);            $handle=null;            die("Error!: ".$e->getMessage()."");        }                                               return $returnvalue;    }function WriteLinetxt($content,$filename){        file_put_contents($filename, $content."\r\n",FILE_APPEND);}?>代码说明：上述代码，根据请求的方式是POST还是GET来区分，如果是GET的话，则需带上查询的ID。服务会返回一个Content-type为application/本例中，数据库只是简单的采用CSV文件，即用逗号分割数据的文本文件。数据文件如下：CBD247FF7AF9473193DC06EB24DBCCC8由于REST风格的web服务可以通过浏览器验证，因此可以输入url地址测试。本例中没有采用url重写，如果使用url重写的话，服务地址会更友好。D87BE31CF24D416BA901BA11EF15A2A6服务部署好之后，就可以调用了。在PHP中，可以通过simple12345    $response=simplevar_dump($response);?>74A2BDE9531F4A879C284A805D575126通过var_dump，可以看到获得的直接是一个Simple下面用php代码实现模拟POST数据。PHP常用的模拟POST动作的方法有3种，分别为Curl、socket、file_get_contents，这里还是采用file_get_contents方法。代码如下：123456789101112131415161718192021    $data = array(    'id' => '1990',    'username' => '小张',    'sex' => '男','age'=>'20');$post_string=http_build_query($data);$context = array(    'http' => array(        'method' => 'POST','header'=>'content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded',        'content' => $post_string)    );$stream_context = stream_context_create($context);$response = file_get_contents($url, false, $stream_context);$var_dump($?>代码中，模拟了POST提交，并且获得了返回的string，再把string转成了Simple5ABB6024DDF8491FAE0A051F8E524C15C#版本访问：C#也可以通过代码调用PHP写的REST风格的Webservice。代码如下：1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768    class Program   {       static void Main(string[] args)       {           string[] paramName = { "id" };           string[] paramVal = { "1001,1004" };           var p = HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/b.php", paramName, paramVal);           Console.WriteLine(p);           Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------");           string[] paramName1 = { "id", "username", "sex", "age" };           string[] paramVal1 = { "1030", "tom", "男", "23" };           var p1 = HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/b.php", paramName1, paramVal1);           Console.WriteLine(p1);       }       static string HttpGet(string url, string[] paramName, string[] paramVal)       {           StringBuilder paramz = new StringBuilder();           for (int i = 0; i           {               paramz.Append(paramName[i]);               paramz.Append("=");               paramz.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(paramVal[i]));               paramz.Append("&");           }           url += "?" + paramz.ToString();           HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;           string result = null;           using (HttpWebResponse resp = req.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)           {               StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resp.GetResponseStream());               result = reader.ReadToEnd();           }           return result;       }       static string HttpPost(string url, string[] paramName, string[] paramVal)       {           HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(url)) as HttpWebRequest;           req.Method = "POST";           req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";           // Build a string with all the params, properly encoded.           // We assume that the arrays paramName and paramVal are           // of equal length:           StringBuilder paramz = new StringBuilder();           for (int i = 0; i           {               paramz.Append(paramName[i]);               paramz.Append("=");               paramz.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(paramVal[i]));               paramz.Append("&");           }           // Encode the parameters as form data:           byte[] formData = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(paramz.ToString());           req.ContentLength = formData.Length;           // Send the request:           using (Stream post = req.GetRequestStream())           {               post.Write(formData, 0, formData.Length);           }           // Pick up the response:           string result = null;           using (HttpWebResponse resp = req.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)           {               StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resp.GetResponseStream());               result = reader.ReadToEnd();           }           return result;       }   }F8FED7F3BB7C4808801FE1FA3AC1C220