题意:
求\(\displaystyle \sum_{i=0}^n{n\choose i}i^k,n\leq 10^9,k\leq 5000\)。
思路:
将\(i^k\)用第二类斯特林数展开,推导方式如:传送门。
但这个题要简单一些,不用\(NTT\)预处理,直接递推就行。
详见代码:
/*
* Author: heyuhhh
* Created Time: 2019/12/12 10:42:37
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <iomanip>
#define MP make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define sz(x) (int)(x).size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define Local
#ifdef Local
#define dbg(args...) do { cout << #args << " -> "; err(args); } while (0)
void err() { std::cout << '\n'; }
template<typename T, typename...Args>
void err(T a, Args...args) { std::cout << a << ' '; err(args...); }
#else
#define dbg(...)
#endif
void pt() {std::cout << '\n'; }
template<typename T, typename...Args>
void pt(T a, Args...args) {std::cout << a << ' '; pt(args...); }
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
//head
const int N = 5005, MOD = 1e9 + 7;
int n, k;
int fac[N], c[N], two[N];
int s[N][N];
ll qpow(ll a, ll b) {
ll ans = 1;
while(b) {
if(b & 1) ans = ans * a % MOD;
a = a * a % MOD;
b >>= 1;
}
return ans;
}
void run(){
cin >> n >> k;
fac[0] = 1;
for(int i = 1; i < N; i++) fac[i] = 1ll * fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
c[0] = 1;
for(int i = 1; i <= k; i++) c[i] = 1ll * c[i - 1] * (n - i + 1) % MOD * qpow(i, MOD - 2) % MOD;
two[0] = qpow(2, n);
int inv2 = qpow(2, MOD - 2);
for(int i = 1; i <= k; i++) two[i] = 1ll * two[i - 1] * inv2 % MOD;
s[0][0] = 1;
for(int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
for(int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
s[i][j] = (1ll * j * s[i - 1][j] % MOD + s[i - 1][j - 1]) % MOD;
}
}
int ans = 0;
for(int i = 0; i <= k; i++) {
ans = (ans + 1ll * fac[i] * s[k][i] % MOD * c[i] % MOD * two[i] % MOD) % MOD;
}
cout << ans << '\n';
}
int main() {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
cout << fixed << setprecision(20);
run();
return 0;
}