C/C++中的内置宏定义及跨平台编程

本文对分别测试VC，MinGW，GCC 三种编译器，32位和64位模式，共6种情况下，和64位编程有关的与预定义宏的值。对跨平台编程具有参考意义。

 

Agner Fog 在他的《Calling conventions for different C++ compilers and operating systems》提到一些预订宏。这里摘录如下。

注：下面的内容来自《Calling conventions for different C++ compilers and operating systems》,Last updated 2012-02-29，作者：By Agner Fog. Copenhagen University College .如何原文内容不符，以原文为准。

 

Most C++ compilers have a predefined macro containing the version number of the
compiler. Programmers can use preprocessing directives to check for the existence of these
macros in order to detect which compiler the program is compiled on and thereby fix
problems with incompatible compilers.

Table 23. Compiler version predefined macros

 

Compiler	Predefined macro
Borland	__BORLANDC__
Codeplay VectorC	__VECTORC__
Digital Mars	__DMC__
Gnu	__GNUC__
Intel	__INTEL_COMPILER
Microsoft	_MSC_VER
Pathscale	__PATHSCALE__
Symantec	__SYMANTECC__
Watcom	__WATCOMC__

 

Unfortunately, not all compilers have well-documented macros telling which hardware
platform and operating system they are compiling for. The following macros may or may not
be defined:

Table 24. Hardware platform predefined macros

platform	Predefined macro
x86	_M_IX86	__INTEL__	__i386__
x86-64	_M_X64	__x86_64__	__amd64
IA64	__IA64__
DEC Alpha	__ALPHA__
Motorola Power PC	__POWERPC__
Any little endian	__LITTLE_ENDIAN__
Any big endian	__BIG_ENDIAN__

 

Table 25. Operating system predefined macros

Operating system	Predefined macro
DOS 16 bit	__MSDOS__	_MSDOS
Windows 16 bit	_WIN16
Windows 32 bit	_WIN32	__WINDOWS__
Windows 64 bit	_WIN64	_WIN32
Linux 32 bit	__unix__	__linux__
Linux 64 bit	__unix__	__linux__	__LP64__	__amd64
BSD	__unix__	__BSD__	__FREEBSD__
Mac OS	__APPLE__	__DARWIN__	__MACH__
OS/2	__OS2__

 

下面的代码主要测试和64编程有关的宏

[cpp] view plain copy

1. void test()  
2. {  
3.     int len=sizeof(int)*8;  
4.     printf("sizeof(int)=%d\n",len);  
5.   
6.     len=sizeof(int *)*8;  
7.     printf("sizeof(int*)=%d\n",len);  
8.   
9. #ifdef _MSC_VER  
10.     printf("_MSC_VER is defined\n");  
11. #endif  
12.   
13. #ifdef __GNUC__  
14.     printf("__GNUC__ is defined\n");  
15. #endif  
16.   
17. #ifdef __INTEL__   
18.     printf("__INTEL__  is defined\n");  
19. #endif  
20.   
21. #ifdef __i386__   
22.     printf("__i386__  is defined\n");  
23. #endif  
24.   
25. #ifdef __x86_64__   
26.     printf("__x86_64__  is defined\n");  
27. #endif  
28.   
29. #ifdef _WIN32   
30.     printf("_WIN32 is defined\n");  
31. #endif  
32.   
33. #ifdef _WIN64   
34.     printf("_WIN64 is defined\n");  
35. #endif  
36.   
37.   
38. #ifdef __linux__   
39.     printf("__linux__ is defined\n");  
40. #endif  
41.   
42. #ifdef __LP64__   
43.     printf("__LP64__ is defined\n");  
44. #endif  
45.   
46.   
47. #ifdef __amd64   
48.     printf("__amd64 is defined\n");  
49. #endif  
50. }  
51.   
52. int main(int argc, char* argv[])  
53. {  
54.     test();  
55.     return 0;  
56. }  

 

最后给出结果.

1. 在VC2010， 32位模式下编译，输出下面的信息
sizeof(int)=32
sizeof(int*)=32
_MSC_VER is defined
_WIN32 is defined

2. 在MinGW下编译 输出下面的信息
sizeof(int)=32
sizeof(int*)=32
__GNUC__ is defined
__i386__  is defined
_WIN32 is defined

3. 在64位Fedora19, 使用gcc -m32 编译，输出下面的信息
sizeof(int)=32
sizeof(int*)=32
__GNUC__ is defined
__i386__  is defined
__linux__ is defined

4. 在VC2010， 64位模式下编译，输出下面的信息
sizeof(int)=32
sizeof(int*)=64
_MSC_VER is defined
_WIN32 is defined
_WIN64 is defined

5. 在MinGW64下编译 输出下面的信息
sizeof(int)=32
sizeof(int*)=64
__GNUC__ is defined
__x86_64__  is defined
_WIN32 is defined
_WIN64 is defined
__amd64 is defined

6.  在64位Fedora19, 使用gcc -m64 编译，输出下面的信息
sizeof(int)=32
sizeof(int*)=64
__GNUC__ is defined
__x86_64__  is defined
__linux__ is defined
__LP64__ is defined
__amd64 is defined

注：在VC下直接用集成环境编译，在MinGW和Linux下直接使用 gcc来编译。