一、mysql数据库备份的前因后果1、备份的概念:将数据收集并保存至另外的多个副本,其目的是将数据还原恢复至备份数据时那个状态。2、备份数据的原因1)做灾难恢复使用,要将数据副本做到异地多份备份;2)数据库数据改动时使用备份;3)需要对当前服务器做相关测试时使用备份,备份与测试都是最好在服务器访问量最少时进行3、备份的事先注意事项1)可以容忍丢失多长时间的数据;2)恢复数据能在多长时间内完成;3)是否需要持续提供服务;4)需要恢复哪些内容,整个服务器的数据库,单个数据库,一个或多个表。二、数据的备份类型1、根据是否需要数据库离线可分为1)冷备:cold backup 备份需要关闭mysql服务或读写请求均不允许;2)温备:warm backup 备份的同时,mysql服务在线,只允许读不允许写,在线交易要终止:3)热备:hot backup备份的同时,mysql服务在线,支持读写请求,业务不受影响,但服务器的性能会有所下降。2、根据要备份的数据范围可分为1)完全备份:full backup备份当前状态的整个数据库的数据;2)增量备份:increment backup备份基于上次的完全备份或增量备份以来所改变的数据;3)差异备份:different backup备份基于上次的完全备份改变了的数据。3、根据备份数据是否为文件可分为1)物理备份:直接备份数据库文件2)逻辑备份:备份表中的数据和库代码三、备份的对象及备份工具1、备份对象1)数据2)配置文件3)代码、存储过程、存储函数、触发器等4)OS相关的配置文件5)复制相关的配置6)二进制日志2、引擎所支持的备份MyISAM引擎只支持温备,而InnoDB还支持热备。3、备份工具1)mysqldump,mysql客户端的经典备份工具 ,为逻辑备份工具,备份和恢复比较慢;2)mylvmdumper,mysqldump升级版多线程的逻辑备份工具,备份和恢复速度稍快于mysqldump;3)lvm-snapshot,基于快照卷的备份工具 ,接近于热备的物理备份工具,备份和恢复的速度较快;4)select ,mysql内置的备份工具 ,逻辑备份工具,速度快于mysqldump;select into outfile;load data infile;5)xtrabackup,由percana提供的免费开源备份工具为物理备份工具,速度快。6)mysql hotcopy:几乎冷备的工具,一般不采用,速度慢。四、数据从备份到恢复的完整流程1)停止mysql服务;2)记录服务和配置文件权限;3)复制备份文件与数据目录;4)按需调整配置;5)按需改变文件权限;6)尝试启动服务;7)装载逻辑备份;8)检查和重放二进制日志;9)确定数据还原正常完成;10)以完全权限重启服务器。五、使用mysqldump进行数据备份及恢复1:为测试的数据库及二进制创建备份目录;[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -pv {/mydata/data,/backup,/var/binlog}mkdir: created directory `/mydata/data'mkdir: created directory `/backup'mkdir: created directory `/var/binlog'2:启动mysqld服务,创建测试数据库,并创建测试数据[root@node1 ~]# service mysqld restartShutting down MySQL.... [ OK ]Starting MySQL.. [ OK ][root@node1 ~]#mysqlmysql> create database students;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use studentsDatabase changedmysql> create table TLtb (Id tinyint unsigned not null primary key auto_increment,Name char(20) not null unique key,Age tinyint unsigned,Gender char(1) default 'M',Courses char(30) not null);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)mysql> insert into TLtb (Name,Age,Gender,Courses) values ('Xu zu',20,'M','Xiao Wuxianggong'),('Qiao Feng',28,'M','Xianglong Shibazhang'),('Duan Fu',23,'M','Liumai Shenjian');Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from TLtb;+----+-----------+------+--------+----------------------+| Id | Name | Age | Gender | Courses |+----+-----------+------+--------+----------------------+| 1 | Xu zu | 20 | M | Xiao Wuxianggong || 2 | Qiao Feng | 28 | M | Xianglong Shibazhang || 3 | Duan Fu | 23 | M | Liumai Shenjian |+----+-----------+------+--------+----------------------+3 rows in set (0.01 sec)3:使用mysqldump对测试数据库进行备份,并且滚动二进制日志,记录日志位置;[root@node1 ~]# mysqldump --lock-all-tables --flush-logs --master-data=2 --databases students > /backup/students_`date +%F`.sq[root@node1 ~]# cp /var/binlog/mysql-bin.mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.000004 mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.000006 mysql-bin.index4:备份二进制日志文件;[root@node1 ~]# cp /var/binlog/mysql-bin.00000* /backup/[root@node1 ~]# ls /backup/mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.000005 students_2013-09-30.sqlmysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000004 mysql-bin.000006 students_.sql5:新增数据库数据进行增量备份,查看当前日志位置;mysql> create table CDtb (Id tinyint unsigned not null primary key auto_increment,Name char(20) not null unique key,Age tinyint unsigned,Gender char(1) default 'M',Courses char(30) not null);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)mysql> insert into CDtb (Name,Age,Gender,Courses) values ('Yideng Dashi',80,'M','Yiyangzhi'),('Hong Qigong',66,'M','Dagou Bangfa'),('Huang Yaoshi',60,'M','Tanzhi Shengong');Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from CDtb;+----+--------------+------+--------+-----------------+| Id | Name | Age | Gender | Courses |+----+--------------+------+--------+-----------------+| 1 | Yideng Dashi | 80 | M | Yiyangzhi || 2 | Hong Qigong | 66 | M | Dagou Bangfa || 3 | Huang Yaoshi | 60 | M | Tanzhi Shengong |+----+--------------+------+--------+-----------------+3 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000006 | 716 | | |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)[root@node1 ~]# less /backup/students_2013-09-30.sql-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;[root@node1 ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 /var/binlog/mysql-bin.000006 > /backup/students_incremental.sql6:模拟数据库数据损坏;mysql> insert into CDtb (Name,Age,Gender,Courses) values ('Ou Yangfeng',75,'M','Hamagong');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)mysql> drop database students;Query OK, 2 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.13 sec)mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000006 | 1082 | | |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)7:恢复备份数据:完全备份+增量备份+二进制日志文件;bac[root@node1 ~]# mysqlbinlog /var/binlog/mysql-bin.000006......# at 993#130930 22:51:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1082 Query thread_id=2 exec_time=0 error_code=1146SET TIMESTAMP=1380552700/*!*/;drop database students[root@node1 ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=716 --stop-position=993 /var/binlog/mysql-bin.000006 > /backup/students_993.sql[root@node1 ~]#mysqlbinlog /var/binlog/mysql-bin.000006......# at 993#130930 22:51:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1082 Query thread_id=2 exec_time=0 error_code=1146SET TIMESTAMP=1380552700/*!*/;drop database students[root@node1 ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=716 --stop-position=993 /var/binlog/mysql-bin.000006 > /backup/students_993.sqlmysql> set global sql_log_bin=0;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> source /backup/students_2013-09-30.sqlmysql> source /backup/students_incremental.sqlmysql> source /backup/students_993.sql8:检测备份的数据是否已经正常恢复。mysql> set global sql_log_bin=1;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use students;Database changedmysql> show tables;+--------------------+| Tables_in_students |+--------------------+| CDtb || TLtb |+--------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from TLtb;+----+-----------+------+--------+----------------------+| Id | Name | Age | Gender | Courses |+----+-----------+------+--------+----------------------+| 1 | Xu zu | 20 | M | Xiao Wuxianggong || 2 | Qiao Feng | 28 | M | Xianglong Shibazhang || 3 | Duan Fu | 23 | M | Liumai Shenjian |+----+-----------+------+--------+----------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from CDtb;+----+--------------+------+--------+-----------------+| Id | Name | Age | Gender | Courses |+----+--------------+------+--------+-----------------+| 1 | Yideng Dashi | 80 | M | Yiyangzhi || 2 | Hong Qigong | 66 | M | Dagou Bangfa || 3 | Huang Yaoshi | 60 | M | Tanzhi Shengong || 4 | Ou Yangfeng | 75 | M | Hamagong |+----+--------------+------+--------+-----------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)六、使用lvm-snapshot进行数据备份及恢复1、创建LVM逻辑卷并开机自动挂载,并创建mysql数据与二进制日志存放目录;y[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2} Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb{1,2} Volume group "vg1" successfully created[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L +10G -n lv1 vg1 Logical volume "lv1" created[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab/dev/vg1/lv1 /Mydata ext4 defaults 0 0[root@localhost ~]# mount -a[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /Mydata/{data,,binlog} /backup1[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /Mydata/*2、新建mysql数据库并新增数据;mysql> create database schooldb;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> use schooldbDatabase changedmysql> create table studentstb (Id tinyint unsigned not null primary key auto_increment,Name char(20) not null unique key,Age tinyint unsigned,Gender char(1) default 'M',Courses char(30) not null);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)mysql> insert into studentstb (Name,Age,Gender,Courses) values ('Zhang San',19,'M','Shujujiegou'),('Li Ling',18,'F','Daxueyingyu'),('Wang Wu',20,'M','Dianluyuanli');Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.09 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from studentstb;+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+| Id | Name | Age | Gender | Courses |+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+| 1 | Zhang San | 19 | M | Shujujiegou || 2 | Li Ling | 18 | F | Daxueyingyu || 3 | Wang Wu | 20 | M | Dianluyuanli |+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+3 rows in set (0.03 sec)3、登录mysql,对所有表加锁,并滚动日志,查看当前日志所在位置;mysql> flush tables with read lock;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush logs;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000015 | 107 | | |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)4、另外启动一个终端,为逻辑卷创建快照卷,做完快照释放施加的锁请求;[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -s -p r -n lv1-snap /dev/vg1/lv1 Logical volume "lv1-snap" createdmysql> unlock tables;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)5、挂载快照卷,并备份数据,备份完成卸载快照卷并删除;[root@localhost ~]# cp -rp /mnt/* /backup1[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg1/lv1-snapDo you really want to remove active logical volume lv1-snap? [y/n]: y Logical volume "lv1-snap" successfully removed6、停止mysql服务,模拟数据库数据损坏,进行数据恢复;[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld stopShutting down MySQL... [ OK ][root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /Mydata/*[root@localhost ~]# cp -rp /backup1/* /Mydata/[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld startStarting MySQL.. [ OK ]7、检测数据恢复是否正常恢复完成。mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || hellodb || mysql || performance_schema || schooldb || test || xiaozheng |+--------------------+7 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> use schooldbDatabase changedmysql> show tables;+--------------------+| Tables_in_schooldb |+--------------------+| studentstb |+--------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from studentstb;+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+| Id | Name | Age | Gender | Courses |+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+| 1 | Zhang San | 19 | M | Shujujiegou || 2 | Li Ling | 18 | F | Daxueyingyu || 3 | Wang Wu | 20 | M | Dianluyuanli |+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)七、使用xtrabackup进行数据备份恢复1、下载并安装xtrabackup;[root@localhost ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg install.log percona-xtrabackup-2.1.4-656.rhel6.x86_64.rpmhellodb.sql install.log.syslog[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-2.1.4-656.rhel6.x86_64.rpm2、创建有备份权限的数据库用户;mysql> create user 'xtrabackup'@'localhost' identified by 'mypass';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)mysql> revoke all privileges,grant option from 'xtrabackup'@'localhost';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> grant reload,lock tables,replication client,event on *.* to 'xtrabackup'@'localhost';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)3、对数据库进行完全备份;[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=xtrabackup --password=mypass /backup2InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Ireland Ltd 2009-2012. All Rights Reserved.........innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/backup2/2013-09-08_21-06-19'innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000017', position 598130908 21:06:24 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed130908 21:06:24 innobackupex: completed OK!4、关闭mysql服务并模拟数据损坏,并准备一个完全备份(prepare);[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld stopShutting down MySQL... [ OK ][root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /mydata/data/*[root@localhost backup2]# innobackupex --apply-log /backup2/2013-09-08_21-06-19/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Ireland Ltd 2009-2012. All Rights Reserved.........xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1130908 21:13:44 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...130908 21:13:48 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1626636130908 21:13:48 innobackupex: completed OK!5、从一个完全备份中恢复数据,并检测数据库数据是否正常恢复完成。[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup2/2013-09-08_21-06-19/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Ireland Ltd 2009-2012. All Rights Reserved.............innobackupex: Copying '/backup2/2013-09-08_21-06-19/ib_logfile1' to '/mydata/data'innobackupex: Finished copying back files.130908 21:21:23 innobackupex: completed OK![root@localhost ~]#service mysqld start[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup2/2013-09-08_21-06-19/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Ireland Ltd 2009-2012. All Rights Reserved.............innobackupex: Copying '/backup2/2013-09-08_21-06-19/ib_logfile1' to '/mydata/data'innobackupex: Finished copying back files.130908 21:21:23 innobackupex: completed OK![root@localhost ~]# service mysqld startStarting MySQL.. [ OK ]mysql> use schooldbDatabase changedmysql> show tables;+--------------------+| Tables_in_schooldb |+--------------------+| studentstb |+--------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from studentstb;+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+| Id | Name | Age | Gender | Courses |+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+| 1 | Zhang San | 19 | M | Shujujiegou || 2 | Li Ling | 18 | F | Daxueyingyu || 3 | Wang Wu | 20 | M | Dianluyuanli |+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)--------------------------------------------------------------------6、在测试数据库中新增数据,实现数据的增量备份;7、进行第一次增量备份;8、继续于测试数据库中新增数据,进行第二次增量备份;9、关闭mysql服务并模拟数据库数据损坏,进行两次增量备份的恢复;10、检测增量备份的数据恢复是否正常完成。mysql 热备在运维中需定期备份mysql,为崩溃后的恢复数据做准备。一般分为冷备和热备,冷备就是停掉mysql服务,直接cp文件,但是在生产环境中,很 少有机会这样,一般都是在mysql提供服务的时候就进行备份,因此这牵扯到数据一致性的问题。所以,在MyISAM存储引擎下,我们的思路就是:锁表 –>备份–>解锁# 进入mysql环境 锁表root@mysql : test > flush tables with read lock;# 在系统环境下 备份cp -R test /tmp/backup/test_back# 进入mysql环境 解锁root@mysql : test > unlock tables;mysqlhotcopy 热备工具当然也可通过mysql自带的工具 mysqlhotcopy 解决,事实上mysqlhotcopy是个perl程序,提供MyISAM下的锁表备份解锁操做。因为是perl脚本,所以需要机器上有PERL-DBD 模块,不然会报错: Can’t locate DBI.pm in @INC ,安装过程很简单,在这里: perl-DBI连接mysqlmysqlhotcopy也很简单,参数可用 –help 查看# 备份test库为新的test_tmp库,与test同级目录 mysqlhotcopy --user=root --password=root test test_tmp # 备份test库 到 /tmp/ 目录下 mysqlhotcopy --user=root --password=root test /tmp/ # --checkpoint dbinfo.checkpoint 这个是指定存放操作记录的数据库/表# --addtodest 增量备份,新的备份自动覆盖掉原来的mysqlhotcopy --user=root --password=root --checkpoint=dbinfo.checkpoint --addtodest test /tmp/ mysqlhotcopy的安装方法如下:yum -y install perl perl-DBIwget http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/DBD-mysql-3.0002.tar.gztar zxvf DBD-mysql-3.0002.tar.gzcd DBD-mysql-3.0002perl Makefile.PL –mysql_config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_configmakemake testmake install 记录到到数据库的方法:1、在数据库段分配一个专门用于备份的用户mysql> grant select,reload,lock tables on *.* to 'hotcopyer'@'localhost' identified by '123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)2、在/etc/my.cnf或者登陆用户的个人主文件.my.cnf里面添加[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeoutuser=hotcopyerpassword=123456port=3306 重新加载mysql3、可以把记录写到专门的表中。具体察看帮助。mysql> create database hotcopy;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)mysql> use hotcopyDatabase changedmysql> create table checkpoint(time_stamp timestamp not null,src varchar(32),dest varchar(60), msg varchar(255));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)同时记得给hotcopyer用户权限。mysql> grant insert on hotcopy.checkpoint to hotcopyer@'localhost';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> quit;4、备份数据(写入数据库{备份的结果},增量备份)/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy --user=root --password=mysql --checkpoint=hotcopy.checkpoint --addtodest radius /bak 5、查看mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || 1234la || conntrack || hotcopy || mysql || pinphp || radius || test || vod || web |+--------------------+10 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_hotcopy |+-------------------+| checkpoint |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from checkpoint;+---------------------+--------+---------------+-----------+| time_stamp | src | dest | msg |+---------------------+--------+---------------+-----------+| 2012-08-25 21:50:26 | radius | /bak/radius | Succeeded |+---------------------+--------+---------------+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> 一、mysqldump备份结合binlog日志恢复MySQL备份一般采取全库备份加日志备份的方式,例如每天执行一次全备份,每小时执行一次二进制日志备份。这样在MySQL故障后可以使用全备份和日志备份将数据恢复到最后一个二进制日志备份前的任意位置或时间binlog日志恢复介绍·首先要开启binary log功能通过编辑my.cnf中的log-bin选项可以开启二进制日志;形式如下:log-bin [=DIR/[filename]] (配置文件中只写log_bin不写后面的文件名和路径时,默认存放在/usr/local/mysql/data目录下,文件名为主机名-bin.000001…命名)·下面用一个例子来说明binlog日志恢复数据的方法查看二进制日志中的事件,默认显示可找到的第一个二进制日志文件中的事件,包含了日志文件名、事件的开始位置、事件类型、结束位置、信息等内容。 语法格式:SHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]选项解析:IN 'log_name' 指定要查询的binlog文件名(不指定就是第一个binlog文件)FROM pos 指定从哪个pos起始点开始查起(不指定就是从整个文件首个pos点开始算)offset 偏移量(不指定就是0),例如为3就会从第3行开始row_count 查询总条数(不指定就是所有行) 显示信息中的参数介绍:Format_desc 此事件为格式描述事件Query 为查询事件BEGIN 为事务开始Table_map 为表映射事件Write_rows 为我们执行的insert事件XidXid 时间是自动提交事务的动作Rotate 为日志轮换事件,是我们执行flush logs开启新日志文件引起的。COMMIT 为事务的提交为了便于查看记录了行变化信息的事件在当时具体执行了什么样的SQL语句可以使用mysqlbinlog工具的-v(--verbose)选项,该选项会将行事件重构成被注释掉的伪SQL语句,如果想看到更详细的信息可以将该选项给两次如-vv,这样可以包含一些数据类型和元信息的注释内容。执行以下命令,我们可以看到上图中显示的信息:mysqlbinlog -v /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002另外mysqlbinlog和可以通过--read-from-remote-server选项从远程服务器读取二进制日志文件,这时需要一些而外的连接参数,如-h,-P,-p,-u等,这些参数仅在指定了--read-from-remote-server后有效。从上图中可以看出delete事件发生position是291,事件结束position是420恢复流程:直接用bin-log日志将数据库恢复到删除位置291前,然后跳过故障点,再进行恢复。下面所有的操作,命令如下:常见的选项有以下几个:--start-datetime从二进制日志中读取指定时间戳或者本地计算机时间之后的日志事件。--stop-datetime从二进制日志中读取指定时间戳或者本地计算机时间之前的日志事件。--start-position 从二进制日志中读取指定position 事件位置作为开始。--stop-position从二进制日志中读取指定position 事件位置作为事件截至。删除test数据库,利用binlog恢复数据,完成后发现数据都恢复过来了。注意:(1)在实际生产环境中,如果遇到需要恢复数据库的情况,不要让用户能访问到数据库,以避免新的数据插入进来,以及在主从的环境下,关闭主从。(2)以上方法中仅仅利用了binlog来恢复数据,并没有使用到mysqldump全库备份来恢复数据库,所以在恢复数据前要删除数据库。2.利用脚本实现mysql的备份与恢复(1)mysqldump介绍mysqldump是mysql用于备份和数据转移的一个工具。它主要产生一系列的SQL语句,可以封装到文件,该文件包含有所有重建你的数据库所需要的 SQL命令如CREATE DATABASE,CREATE TABLE,INSERT等等。可以用来实现轻量级的快速迁移或恢复数据库。mysqldump 是将数据表导成 SQL 脚本文件,在不同的 MySQL 版本之间升级时相对比较合适,这也是最常用的备份方法。mysqldump一般在数据量很小的时候(几个G)可以用于备份。当数据量比较大的情况下,就不建议用mysqldump工具进行备份了。 ·数据库的导出导出对象说明:mysqldump可以针对单个表、多个表、单个数据库、多个数据库、所有数据库进行导出的操作# mysqldump [options] db_name [tbl_name ...] //导出指定数据库或单个表# mysqldump [options] --databases db_name ... //导出多个数据库#mysqldump [options] --all-databases //导出所有 ·数据库的导入mysql -uroot -p [options] [db_name] [tbl_name] 路径/备份文件 生产环境中Mysql数据库的备份是周期性重复的操作,所以通常是要编写脚本实现,通过crond计划任务周期性执行备份脚本。