在 Zend Framework 1.* 中,可以根据 Apache 服务器的环境配置来让程序调用不同的设置。
主要用于在不同情况下,调用不同的数据库、不同的警告和错误级别等:例如,在开发环境下调用本机数据库和最低级别的警告和错误提示,在测试环境下调用测试数据库和最低级别的警告和错误提示,在发布环境中调用正式数据库和较高级别的警告和错误提示。
在 ZF 1 中,可以在 Apache 的 SetEnv 指令,配合 ZF 1 的 APPLICATION_ENV 常量,以及项目目录中的 /configs/application.ini 来实现这一目的。
Apache 示例:
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- <VirtualHost *:80>
- DocumentRoot "E:/ZF1/public"
- ServerName .local
-
- # This should be omitted in the production environment
- SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
-
- <Directory "E:/ZF1/public">
- Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
- AllowOverride All
- Order allow,deny
- Allow from all
- </Directory>
-
- </VirtualHost>
/public/index.php 入口文件示例:
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- <?php
-
- // Define path to application directory
- defined('APPLICATION_PATH')
- || define('APPLICATION_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../application'));
-
- // Define application environment
- defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
- || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'production'));
-
- // Ensure library/ is on include_path
- set_include_path(implode(PATH_SEPARATOR, array(
- realpath(APPLICATION_PATH . '/../library'),
- get_include_path(),
- )));
-
- /** Zend_Application */
- require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
-
- // Create application, bootstrap, and run
- $application = new Zend_Application(
- APPLICATION_ENV,
- APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini'
- );
- $application->bootstrap()
- ->run();
/configs/application.ini 配置文件示例:
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- [production]
- phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 0
- phpSettings.display_errors = 0
- includePaths.library = APPLICATION_PATH "/../library"
- bootstrap.path = APPLICATION_PATH "/Bootstrap.php"
- bootstrap.class = "Bootstrap"
- appnamespace = "Application"
- resources.frontController.controllerDirectory = APPLICATION_PATH "/controllers"
- resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 0
-
- [staging : production]
-
- [testing : production]
- phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
- phpSettings.display_errors = 1
-
- [development : production]
- phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
- phpSettings.display_errors = 1
- resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 1
在 ZF 2 中,没有提供这一方法,只提供了用本地配置文件替换全局配置文件的方法,即在 /config/autoload 文件夹中可以放置 *global.php 文件,并在其中放置全局配置数组,再放置 *local.php 配置文件,在其中放置本地配置数组。
在载入时,会自动用 local 配置覆盖 global 配置,同时利用 svn 和 git 等版本控制工具,将 *local.php 排除在提交文件之外,以保证本地配置文件不会影响到生产环境和其他人。
但是这种方法有局限性,一是利用了 svn 和 git 的特性,二是只有两级配置。
以下提供一种类似于 ZF 1 的解决方案,思路是根据 Apache 中 SetEnv 指令设置的 APPLICATION_ENV 变量来设置 PHP 的 APPLICATION_ENV 常量,再根据此常量值来载入不同的配置文件。
Apache 示例:
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- Listen 6001
- NameVirtualHost *:6001
-
- <Directory "E:/clbx.cn/public">
- AllowOverride All
- Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
- <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
- Order allow,deny
- Allow from all
- </Limit>
- <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
- Order deny,allow
- Deny from all
- </LimitExcept>
- </Directory>
-
- <VirtualHost *:6001>
- SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
- ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
- DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
- ServerName local.zlbx.cn
- ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
- CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
- </VirtualHost>
-
- Listen 6002
- NameVirtualHost *:6002
-
- <VirtualHost *:6002>
- SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV local
- ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
- DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
- ServerName local.zlbx.cn
- ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
- CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
- </VirtualHost>
-
- Listen 6003
- NameVirtualHost *:6003
-
- <VirtualHost *:6003>
- SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV test
- ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
- DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
- ServerName local.zlbx.cn
- ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
- CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
- </VirtualHost>
-
- Listen 6004
- NameVirtualHost *:6004
-
- <VirtualHost *:6004>
- SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV production
- ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
- DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
- ServerName local.zlbx.cn
- ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
- CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
- </VirtualHost>
注意其中带有 SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV 指令的那些行。这样在带有不同端口时,就会产生不同的 APPLICATION_ENV 变量值。
项目 /public/index.php 入口文件:
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- <?php
- /**
- * This makes our life easier when dealing with paths. Everything is relative
- * to the application root now.
- */
- chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
-
- // Define application environment
- defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
- || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'development'));
-
- // Setup autoloading
- require 'init_autoloader.php';
-
- // Run the application!
- Zend\Mvc\Application::init(require 'config/application.config.php')->run();
注意,下面这三行是原文件没有的:
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- // Define application environment
- defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
- || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'development'));
修改 /module/Application/Module.php:
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- <?php
- return array(
- 'modules' => array(
- 'Application',
- ),
-
- 'module_listener_options' => array(
- 'module_paths' => array(
- './module',
- './vendor',
- ),
-
- 'config_glob_paths' => array(
- 'config/autoload/{,*.}' . APPLICATION_ENV . '.{global,local}.php', //原为 'config/autoload/{,*.}{global,local}.php',
- ),
-
- ),
- );
注意第 14 行。
在浏览器中访问 localhost:6001、localhost:6002、localhost:6003、localhost:6004 就会调用不同的配置。
此方案的缺点是不能像 ZF 1 那样,配置之间可以有继承关系,虽然通过修改 /module/Application/Module.php,可以部分实现,总是不够灵活,期待 Zend 官方提供更好的解决方案。
在项目 /config/autoload 文件夹分别建立 development.local.php、test.local.php、test.global.php、production.global.php 文件,分别针对 开发环境、本地测试环境、服务器测试环境、产品环境,内容分别如下:
development.local.php:
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- <?php
- /**
- * Global Configuration Override
- *
- * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
- * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
- * sensitive to security.
- *
- * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
- * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
- * file.
- */
-
- return array(
- /**
- * 设置 php 环境。
- */
- 'phpSettings' => array(
- 'display_startup_errors' => true,
- 'display_errors' => true,
- 'max_execution_time' => 60,
- 'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
- 'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
- ),
- 'db' => array(
- 'driver' => 'Pdo',
- 'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=development;host=localhost',
- 'driver_options' => array(
- PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
- ),
- ),
- 'service_manager' => array(
- 'factories' => array(
- 'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
- => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
- ),
- ),
- );
test.local.php:
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- <?php
- /**
- * Global Configuration Override
- *
- * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
- * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
- * sensitive to security.
- *
- * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
- * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
- * file.
- */
-
- return array(
- /**
- * 设置 php 环境。
- */
- 'phpSettings' => array(
- 'display_startup_errors' => true,
- 'display_errors' => true,
- 'max_execution_time' => 60,
- 'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
- 'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
- ),
- 'db' => array(
- 'driver' => 'Pdo',
- 'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=testlocal;host=localhost',
- 'driver_options' => array(
- PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
- ),
- ),
- 'service_manager' => array(
- 'factories' => array(
- 'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
- => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
- ),
- ),
- );
test.global.php:
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- <?php
- /**
- * Global Configuration Override
- *
- * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
- * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
- * sensitive to security.
- *
- * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
- * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
- * file.
- */
-
- return array(
- /**
- * 设置 php 环境。
- */
- 'phpSettings' => array(
- 'display_startup_errors' => true,
- 'display_errors' => true,
- 'max_execution_time' => 60,
- 'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
- 'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
- ),
- 'db' => array(
- 'driver' => 'Pdo',
- 'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=testglobal;host=localhost',
- 'driver_options' => array(
- PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
- ),
- ),
- 'service_manager' => array(
- 'factories' => array(
- 'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
- => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
- ),
- ),
- );
production.global.php:
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- View Code
- <?php
- /**
- * Global Configuration Override
- *
- * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
- * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
- * sensitive to security.
- *
- * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
- * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
- * file.
- */
-
- return array(
- /**
- * 设置 php 环境。
- */
- 'phpSettings' => array(
- 'display_startup_errors' => true,
- 'display_errors' => true,
- 'max_execution_time' => 60,
- 'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
- 'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
- ),
- 'db' => array(
- 'driver' => 'Pdo',
- 'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=production;host=localhost',
- 'driver_options' => array(
- PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
- ),
- ),
- 'service_manager' => array(
- 'factories' => array(
- 'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
- => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
- ),
- ),
- );