Flutter 请求网络的三种方式
flutter 请求网络的方式有三种，分别是 Dart 原生的网络请求 HttpClient、第三方网络请求 http以及 Flutter 中的 Dio。我们可以比较一下这三种网络请求方式，然后封装为我们方便请求网络的工具类。
Dart 原生的网络请求 HttpClient
实现 Dart 获取网络数据的请求，一般我们需要以下几个步骤：
原生的网络请求时不需要修改 pubspec.yaml 文件的，我们只需要在使用的地方引入所需包就可以了
導入
import 'dart:convert';
import 'dart:io';
void _httpClient() async{
//创建一个HttpClient
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
//携带参数的请求
/*Uri uri=Uri(scheme: "https", host: "flutterchina.club", queryParameters: {
"userName":"chen",
"password":"123456"
});*/
var url = 'http://47.100.106.80:8080/Test/all';
//打开Http连接，设置请求头
HttpClientRequest request = await httpClient.getUrl(Uri.parse(url));
//设置请求的 header
request.headers.add("user-agent", "test");
request.headers.add("Authorization", "LKSJDLFJSDLKJSLKklsdj");
//等待连接服务器
HttpClientResponse response = await request.close();
//读取响应内容
if (response.statusCode == HttpStatus.ok) {
var data = await response.transform(Utf8Decoder()).join();
print(data);
}
//断开连接
//httpClient.close();
}第三方HTTP
添加依賴
http: ^0.11.0
導入包
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
get請求
//异步加载数据
void _getRequest() async {
//下面为具体网址，需要自己修改
String url = "http://47.100.106.80:8080/Test/all";
var client = http.Client();
http.Response response = await client.get(url);
setState(() {
final data = json.encode(response.body);
print('data:'+data);
});
} //初始化状态
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_getRequest();
}
post
//异步加载数据
void _postRequest() async {
String url = "http://47.100.106.80:8080/Test/add";
var client = http.Client();
var params = Map<String,String>();
params['name'] = '測試數據'; http.Response response = await client.post(url,body:params);
setState(() {
final data = json.encode(response.body);
print(data);
});
}
Flutter 发布的 dio
Dio 一个强大的 Dart Http 请求库，支持 Restful API、FormData、拦截器、请求取消、Cookie管理、文件上传/下载、超时等...
添加依賴
dependencies:
dio: ^1.0.9
導入
import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
get請求
void getRequest() async {
Dio dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.get("http://47.100.106.80:8080/Test/all");
final data = response.data.toString();
print(data);
}post請求
void postRequest() async {
var dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.post("http://47.100.106.80:8080/Test/add", data:{"name":"name1","account":"測試數據212312"});
final data = response.data.toString();
print(response);
print(data);
}參考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/3080e0b81cf4
Dio 网络请求框架封装
日志信息拦截
Dio 和 okhttp 一样，都会有一个请求拦截器和响应拦截器，通过拦截器，我们可以在请求之前或响应之后做一些同意的预处理。例如我们发起请求前查看我们请求的参数和头部，响应的时候，我们可以查看返回来的数据。
Dio dio = new Dio();
// 添加拦截器
if (Config.DEBUG) {
dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
print("\n================== 请求数据 ==========================");
print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
print("headers = ${options.headers}");
print("params = ${options.data}");
},
onResponse: (Response response){
print("\n================== 响应数据 ==========================");
print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
print("data = ${response.data}");
print("\n");
},
onError: (DioError e){
print("\n================== 错误响应数据 ======================");
print("type = ${e.type}");
print("message = ${e.message}");
print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
print("\n");
}
));
}
如果我们想要移除拦截器，那么我们可以将其设置为 null
dio.interceptor.request.onSend=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onSuccess=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onError=null;
token 添加
// 头部添加 token 验证
headers["Authorization"] = "token lskjdlklsjkdklsjd333";
option.headers = headers;
///超时
option.connectTimeout = 15000;
try {
Response response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 请求错误处理
}
自动生成 dart 的 json 实体类插件 FlutterJsonBeanFactory
在 Android 开发中，有 GsonFormat 这个插件来讲 json 数据自动转化成 Bean；那么在 Flutter 中也有类似的插件可以生产序列化的实体类的插件：FlutterJsonBeanFactory
- step 1：下载插件 FlutterJsonBeanFactory，安装完成后重启
Setting -> Plugins -> Browse Respositories 中搜索 FlutterJsonBeanFactory
- step 2：创建实体类，在指定目录下：
New -> dart bean class File from JSON
jsontobean.png
step 3：输入实体类名及 json 格式的数据
format.pngstep 4：最后生成的实体类：LoginEntity
class LoginEntity {
String easemobpassword;
String username;
LoginEntity({this.easemobpassword, this.username});
LoginEntity.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
easemobpassword = json['easemobPassword'];
username = json['username'];
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
final Map<String, dynamic> data = new Map<String, dynamic>();
data['easemobPassword'] = this.easemobpassword;
data['username'] = this.username;
return data;
}
}请求错误处理
Response response;
try {
response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 请求错误处理
Response errorResponse;
if (e.response != null) {
errorResponse = e.response;
} else {
errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
}
if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
}
if (Config.DEBUG) {
print('请求异常: ' + e.toString());
print('请求异常 url: ' + url);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
}
其中 ResultData 是网络结果处理的实体类
/**
* 网络结果数据
* Created by chenjianrun
* Date: 2018-07-16
*/
class ResultData {
var data;
bool result;
int code;
var headers; ResultData(this.data, this.result, this.code, {this.headers});
}
Code 是处理网络错误的编码，并将错误结果通过 eventbus 发送出去，一般我们可以在 main_pager 中注册监听这个事件。
///网络请求错误编码
class Code {
///网络错误
static const NETWORK_ERROR = -1; ///网络超时
static const NETWORK_TIMEOUT = -2; ///网络返回数据格式化一次
static const NETWORK_JSON_EXCEPTION = -3; static const SUCCESS = 200; static final EventBus eventBus = new EventBus(); static errorHandleFunction(code, message, noTip) {
if(noTip) {
return message;
}
eventBus.fire(new HttpErrorEvent(code, message));
return message;
}
}
完成的网络请求类：HttpRequest
import 'dart:io'; import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/common/SpUtils.dart';
import 'package:connectivity/connectivity.dart'; import 'dart:collection'; import 'package:private_tutor/common/config/Config.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultCode.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultData.dart'; ///http请求管理类，可单独抽取出来
class HttpRequest {
static String _baseUrl;
static const CONTENT_TYPE_JSON = "application/json";
static const CONTENT_TYPE_FORM = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
static Map optionParams = {
"timeoutMs": 15000,
"token": null,
"authorizationCode": null,
}; static setBaseUrl(String baseUrl){
_baseUrl = baseUrl;
} static get(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method:"GET"));
} static post(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, {"Accept": 'application/vnd.github.VERSION.full+json'}, new Options(method: 'POST'));
} static delete(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: 'DELETE'));
} static put(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: "PUT", contentType: ContentType.text));
} ///发起网络请求
///[ url] 请求url
///[ params] 请求参数
///[ header] 外加头
///[ option] 配置
static request(url, params, Map<String, String> header, Options option, {noTip = false}) async { //没有网络
var connectivityResult = await (new Connectivity().checkConnectivity());
if (connectivityResult == ConnectivityResult.none) {
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(Code.NETWORK_ERROR, "", noTip), false, Code.NETWORK_ERROR);
} Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap();
if (header != null) {
headers.addAll(header);
} //授权码
if (optionParams["authorizationCode"] == null) {
var authorizationCode = await getAuthorization();
if (authorizationCode != null) {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = authorizationCode;
}
} headers["Authorization"] = optionParams["authorizationCode"];
// 设置 baseUrl if (option != null) {
option.headers = headers;
} else{
option = new Options(method: "get");
option.headers = headers;
} ///超时
option.connectTimeout = 15000; Dio dio = new Dio();
// 添加拦截器
if (Config.DEBUG) {
dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
print("\n================== 请求数据 ==========================");
print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
print("headers = ${options.headers}");
print("params = ${options.data}");
},
onResponse: (Response response){
print("\n================== 响应数据 ==========================");
print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
print("data = ${response.data}");
print("\n");
},
onError: (DioError e){
print("\n================== 错误响应数据 ======================");
print("type = ${e.type}");
print("message = ${e.message}");
print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
print("\n");
}
));
} Response response;
try {
response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 请求错误处理
Response errorResponse;
if (e.response != null) {
errorResponse = e.response;
} else {
errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
}
if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
}
if (Config.DEBUG) {
print('请求异常: ' + e.toString());
print('请求异常 url: ' + url);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
} try {
if (option.contentType != null && option.contentType.primaryType == "text") {
return new ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS);
} else {
var responseJson = response.data;
if (response.statusCode == 201 && responseJson["token"] != null) {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = 'token ' + responseJson["token"];
await SpUtils.save(Config.TOKEN_KEY, optionParams["authorizationCode"]);
}
}
if (response.statusCode == 200 || response.statusCode == 201) {
return ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS, headers: response.headers);
}
} catch (e) {
print(e.toString() + url);
return ResultData(response.data, false, response.statusCode, headers: response.headers);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(response.statusCode, "", noTip), false, response.statusCode);
} ///清除授权
static clearAuthorization() {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = null;
SpUtils.remove(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
} ///获取授权token
static getAuthorization() async {
String token = await SpUtils.get(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
if (token == null) {
String basic = await SpUtils.get(Config.USER_BASIC_CODE);
if (basic == null) {
//提示输入账号密码
} else {
//通过 basic 去获取token，获取到设置，返回token
return "Basic $basic";
}
} else {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = token;
return token;
}
}
}
使用示例
/// 登录 model
class LoginModel{
// 手机号码登录
static phoneLogin(String phone,String verifyCode) async{
ResultData response = await HttpRequest.post(Address.phoneLogin, {"phoneNum" : phone,"captcha":verifyCode});
if(response != null && response.result){
PhoneLoginEntity phoneLoginEntity = PhoneLoginEntity.fromJson(json.decode(response.data));
return new DataResult(phoneLoginEntity, true);
}else{
return new DataResult(null, false);
}
} // 获取验证码
static getVerifyCode(String phone) async{
ResultData response = await HttpRequest.get("${Address.getVerifyCode}?phone=${phone}", null); // var response = await HttpRequest.get(Address.getVerifyCode, {"phone":phone});
if(response != null && response.result){
VerifyCodeEntity entity = VerifyCodeEntity.fromJson(response.data);
return new DataResult(entity, true);
}else{
return new DataResult(null, false);
}
}
}