ORACLE 日常维护手册

查看数据库版本SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;查看数据库语言环境SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;查看ORACLE实例状态SELECT INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,DATABASE_STATUSFROM V$INSTANCE;查看ORACLE监听状态lsnrctl status 查看数据库归档模式SELECT NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE FROM V$DATABASE;查看回收站中对象SELECT OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,TYPE FROM RECYCLEBIN; 清空回收站中对象PURGE RECYCLEBIN; 还原回收站中的对象FLASHBACK TABLE"BIN$GOZUQZ6GS222JZDCCTFLHQ==$0" TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO TEST;闪回误删除的表FLASHBACK TABLE AAA TO BEFORE DROP; 闪回表中记录到某一时间点ALTER TABLE TEST ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT;FLASHBACK TABLE TEST TO TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('2009-10-15 21:17:47','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');查看当前会话SELECT SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME,PROGRAM,MACHINE,STATUS FROM V$SESSION;查看DDL锁SELECT *  FROM DBA_DDL_LOCKS WHERE OWNER = 'FWYANG';检查等待事件SELECT SID, A.USERNAME, EVENT, WAIT_CLASS, T1.SQL_TEXT  FROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA T1 WHERE WAIT_CLASS 'Idle'   AND A.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID;检查数据文件状态SELECT FILE_NAME,STATUS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;检查表空间使用情况SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",　　D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",  　D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",　　TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 2),　　'990.99') "使用比",　　F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",　　F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"　　FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,　　ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,　　ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES　　FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE　　GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,　　(SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,　　ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB　　FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD　　GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D　　WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME　　ORDER BY 4 DESC;收缩表空间ALTER TABLESPCE TS_AJ_DATA COALESCE;增加表空间大小SELECT T.TABLESPACE_NAME, T.FILE_NAME, T.BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024  FROM DBA_DATA_FILES T WHERE T.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'TS_AJ_DATA'; ALTER TABLESPACE TS_AJ_DATA ADD DATAFILE '/DATA/TS_AJ_DATA05_10G.DBF'SIZE 10000MAUTOEXTEND OFF;检查不起作用的约束SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME, TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, STATUS  FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS WHERE STATUS = 'DISABLE';检查发生坏块的数据库对象SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SEGMENT_TYPE, OWNER, SEGMENT_NAME  FROM DBA_EXTENTS WHERE FILE_ID =   AND BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;检查无效的数据库对象SELECT OWNER,OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_TYPEFROM DBA_OBJECTSWHERE STATUS ='INVALID';查看语句执行进度SELECT SE.SID,      OPNAME,      TRUNC(SOFAR / TOTALWORK * 100, 2) || '%' AS PCT_WORK,      ELAPSED_SECONDS ELAPSED,      ROUND(ELAPSED_SECONDS * (TOTALWORK - SOFAR) / SOFAR) REMAIN_TIME,      SQL_TEXT  FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS SL, V$SQLAREA SA, V$SESSION SE WHERE SL.SQL_HASH_VALUE = SA.HASH_VALUE   AND SL.SID = SE.SID   AND SOFAR != TOTALWORK ORDER BY START_TIME; 检查碎片程度高的表SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME, COUNT(*) EXTENTS  FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAMEHAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))                     FROM DBA_SEGMENTS                    GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME); 检查表空间的 I/O 比例SELECT DF.TABLESPACE_NAME NAME,      DF.FILE_NAME      "FILE",      F.PHYRDS           PYR,      F.PHYBLKRD         PBR,      F.PHYWRTS          PYW,      F.PHYBLKWRT        PBW  FROM V$FILESTAT F, DBA_DATA_FILES DF WHERE F.FILE# = DF.FILE_ID ORDER BY DF.TABLESPACE_NAME;检查碎片程度高的表SELECT segment_name table_name, COUNT(*) extents  FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_nameHAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))                     FROM dba_segments                    GROUP BY segment_name);检查文件系统的 I/O 比例SELECT SUBSTR(A.FILE#, 1, 2) "#",      SUBSTR(A.NAME, 1, 30) "NAME",      A.STATUS,      A.BYTES,      B.PHYRDS,      B.PHYWRTS  FROM V$DATAFILE A, V$FILESTAT B WHERE A.FILE# = B.FILE#; 检查消耗CPU最高的进程SELECT P.PID PID,       S.SID SID,      P.SPID SPID,      S.USERNAME USERNAME,      S.OSUSER OSNAME,      P.SERIAL# S_#,      P.TERMINAL,      P.PROGRAM PROGRAM,      P.BACKGROUND,      S.STATUS,      RTRIM(SUBSTR(A.SQL_TEXT, 1, 80)) SQLFROM  FROM V$PROCESS P, V$SESSION S, V$SQLAREA A WHERE P.ADDR = S.PADDR   AND S.SQL_ADDRESS = A.ADDRESS(+)   AND P.SERIAL# '1';检查运行很久的SQLSELECT USERNAME,      SID,      OPNAME,      ROUND(SOFAR * 100 / TOTALWORK, 0) || '%' AS PROGRESS,      TIME_REMAINING,       SQL_TEXT  FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS, V$SQL WHERE TIME_REMAINING 0   AND SQL_ADDRESS = ADDRESS   AND SQL_HASH_VALUE = HASH_VALUE;等待时间最多的5个系统等待事件的获取SELECT *  FROM (SELECT *         FROM V$SYSTEM_EVENT        WHERE EVENT NOT LIKE 'SQL%'        ORDER BY TOTAL_WAITS DESC) WHERE ROWNUM 查找前十条性能差的SQLSELECT *  FROM (SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS,               SORTS,               COMMAND_TYPE,               DISK_READS,               SQL_TEXT         FROM V$SQLAREA        ORDER BY DISK_READS DESC) WHERE ROWNUM检查死锁SELECT  bs.username "Blocking User", bs.username "DB User",        ws.username "Waiting User", bs.SID "SID", ws.SID "WSID",        bs.serial# "Serial#", bs.sql_address "address",        bs.sql_hash_value "Sql hash", bs.program "Blocking App",        ws.program "Waiting App", bs.machine "Blocking Machine",        ws.machine "Waiting Machine", bs.osuser "Blocking OS User",        ws.osuser "Waiting OS User", bs.serial# "Serial#",        ws.serial# "WSerial#",        DECODE (wk.TYPE,                 'MR', 'Media Recovery',                 'RT', 'Redo Thread',                 'UN', 'USER Name',                 'TX', 'Transaction',                 'TM', 'DML',                 'UL', 'PL/SQL USER LOCK',                 'DX', 'Distributed Xaction',                 'CF', 'Control FILE',                 'IS', 'Instance State',                 'FS', 'FILE SET',                 'IR', 'Instance Recovery',                 'ST', 'Disk SPACE Transaction',                 'TS', 'Temp Segment',                 'IV', 'Library Cache Invalidation',                 'LS', 'LOG START OR Switch',                 'RW', 'ROW Wait',                 'SQ', 'Sequence Number',                 'TE', 'Extend TABLE',                 'TT', 'Temp TABLE',                 wk.TYPE                ) lock_type,        DECODE (hk.lmode,                 0, 'None',                 1, 'NULL',                 2, 'ROW-S (SS)',                 3, 'ROW-X (SX)',                4, 'SHARE',                 5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',                 6, 'EXCLUSIVE',                 TO_CHAR (hk.lmode)                ) mode_held,        DECODE (wk.request,                 0, 'None',                 1, 'NULL',                 2, 'ROW-S (SS)',                 3, 'ROW-X (SX)',                 4, 'SHARE',                 5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',                 6, 'EXCLUSIVE',                 TO_CHAR (wk.request)                ) mode_requested,        TO_CHAR (hk.id1) lock_id1, TO_CHAR (hk.id2) lock_id2,        DECODE            (hk.BLOCK,             0, 'NOT Blocking',         /**//* Not blocking any other processes*/             1, 'Blocking',             /**//* This lock blocksother processes */             2, 'Global',          /**//* This lock is global, so we can'ttell */             TO_CHAR (hk.BLOCK)            ) blocking_others   FROM v$lock hk, v$session bs, v$lock wk, v$session ws   WHERE hk.BLOCK = 1    AND hk.lmode != 0    AND hk.lmode != 1    AND wk.request != 0    AND wk.TYPE(+) = hk.TYPE    AND wk.id1(+) = hk.id1    AND wk.id2(+) = hk.id2    AND hk.SID = bs.SID(+)    AND wk.SID = ws.SID(+)    AND (bs.username IS NOT NULL)    AND (bs.username 'SYSTEM')    AND (bs.username 'SYS')ORDER BY 1; 查看正在运行的JOBSELECT * FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING; 检查数据库JOB的完成情况SELECT JOB, LOG_USER, LAST_DATE, NEXT_DATE, WHAT, FAILURESFROM DBA_JOBS;查看正在运行的JOB对应的SID、SERIAL#、SPIDSELECT A.JOB, B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID  FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING A, V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C WHERE A.SID = B.SID   AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR   AND JOB = '21'; 通过SID查询SERIAL#、SPIDSELECT B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID  FROM V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C WHERE B.SID = '554'   AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR;停止会话--SID:554 SERIAL#:1134SPID:23242ORACLE级别ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '554,1134';操作系统级别kill -9 23242