在C和C++中,变参格式化函数虽然非类型安全,但却十分便利,因为得到广泛使用。对于常见的size_t类型要用“%zu”,ssize_t用”%zd“,int64_t用“% ”PRId64,uint64_t用“% ”PRIu64,long用"%ld",long long用"%lld",示例:
const int64_t datetime = INT64_C(20190124144930);
printf("datetime: %" PRId64"\n", datetime);
注意在PRId64前保留一个空格,以避免编译警告
format_string源代码链接:
https://github.com/eyjian/r3c/blob/master/utils.cpp
https://github.com/eyjian/libmooon/blob/master/src/utils/string_utils.cpp
format_string源代码:
// snprintf()第2个参数的大小,要求包含结尾符'\0'
// snprintf()的返回值是期望大小,不包含结尾符'\0',
// 下面假设snprintf()的第二个参数值为10,则:
// 1) 当str为"abc"时,它的返回值的大小是3,"abc"的字符个数刚好是3;
// 2) 当str为"1234567890"时,它的返回值大小是10,"1234567890"的字符个数刚好是10;
// 3) 当str为"1234567890X"时,它的返回值大小是11,"1234567890X"的字符个数刚好是11。
//
// int asprintf(char **strp, const char *fmt, ...);
std::string format_string(const char* format, ...)
{
size_t size = ;
std::string buffer(size, '\0');
char* buffer_p = const_cast<char*>(buffer.data());
int expected = ;
va_list ap; while (true)
{
va_start(ap, format);
expected = vsnprintf(buffer_p, size, format, ap); va_end(ap);
if (expected>- && expected<=static_cast<int>(size))
{
break;
}
else
{
/* Else try again with more space. */
if (expected > -) /* glibc 2.1 */
size = static_cast<size_t>(expected + ); /* precisely what is needed */
else /* glibc 2.0 */
size *= ; /* twice the old size */ buffer.resize(size);
buffer_p = const_cast<char*>(buffer.data());
}
} // expected不包含字符串结尾符号,其值等于:strlen(buffer_p)
return std::string(buffer_p, expected>?expected:);
}