在第1篇-如何编写一个面试时能拿的出手的开源项目?博文中曾详细介绍过编写一个规范开源项目所要遵循的规范,并且初步实现了博主自己的开源项目Javac AST View插件,不过只搭建了项目开发的基本框架,树状结构的数据模型也是硬编码的,本篇博文将继续完善这个项目,实现动态从Eclipse编辑器中读取Java源代码,并在JavacASTViewer视图中展现Javac编译器的抽象语法树。实现过程中需要调用Javac的API接口获取抽象语法树,同时遍历这个抽象语法树,将其转换为Eclipse插件的树形视图所识别的数据模型。
下面我们基于上一篇博文所搭建的框架上继续进行开发。
首先需要对插件树形视图提供的数据模型进行修改,添加一些必要的属性,具体的源代码实现如下:
- package astview;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- public class JavacASTNode {
- private String name;
- private String type;
- private String value;
- private List<JavacASTNode> children = null;
- private JavacASTNode parent = null;
- public JavacASTNode(String name, String type) {
- this.name = name;
- this.type = type;
- children = new ArrayList<JavacASTNode>();
- }
- public JavacASTNode(String name, String type, String value) {
- this(name, type);
- this.value = value;
- }
- public JavacASTNode() {
- children = new ArrayList<JavacASTNode>();
- }
- // 省略各属性的get与set方法
- public String toString() {
- String display = name;
- if (type != null && type.length() > 0) {
- display = display + "={" + type.trim() + "}";
- } else {
- display = display + "=";
- }
- if (value != null && value.length() > 0) {
- display = display + " " + value.trim();
- }
- return display;
- }
- }
其中property表示属性名,如JCCompilationUnit树节点下有packageAnnotations、pid、defs等表示子树节点的属性;type为属性对应的定义类型;value为属性对应的值,这个值可选。这3个值在Eclipse树形中的显示格式由toString()方法定义。
现在我们需要修改内容提供者ViewContentProvider类中的getElements()方法,在这个方法中将Javac的抽象语法树转换为使用JavacASTNode表示的、符合Eclipse树形视图要求的数据模型。修改后的方法源代码如下:
- public Object[] getElements(Object inputElement) {
- JavacASTNode root = null;
- if(inputElement instanceof JCCompilationUnit) {
- JavacASTVisitor visitor = new JavacASTVisitor();
- root = visitor.traverse((JCCompilationUnit)inputElement);
- }
- return new JavacASTNode[] {root};
- }
Javac用JCCompilationUnit来表示编译单元,可以简单认为一个Java源文件对应一个JCCompilationUnit实例。这里使用了JDK1.8的tools.jar包中提供的API,因为Javac的源代码包被打包到了这个压缩包中,所以需要将JDK1.8安装目录下的lib目录中的tools.jar引到项目中来。
JCCompilationUnit也是抽象语法树的根节点,遍历这个语法树并将每个语法树节点用JavacASTNode表示。使用访问者模式遍历抽象语法树。创建JavacASTVisitor类并继承TreeVisitor接口,如下:
- package astview;
- import java.util.Set;
- import javax.lang.model.element.Modifier;
- import com.sun.source.tree.*;
- import com.sun.tools.javac.code.TypeTag;
- import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree;
- import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.*;
- import com.sun.tools.javac.util.List;
- public class JavacASTVisitor implements TreeVisitor<JavacASTNode, Void> {
- ...
- }
- public interface TreeVisitor<R,P> {
- R visitAnnotatedType(AnnotatedTypeTree node, P p);
- R visitAnnotation(AnnotationTree node, P p);
- R visitMethodInvocation(MethodInvocationTree node, P p);
- R visitAssert(AssertTree node, P p);
- R visitAssignment(AssignmentTree node, P p);
- R visitCompoundAssignment(CompoundAssignmentTree node, P p);
- R visitBinary(BinaryTree node, P p);
- R visitBlock(BlockTree node, P p);
- R visitBreak(BreakTree node, P p);
- R visitCase(CaseTree node, P p);
- R visitCatch(CatchTree node, P p);
- R visitClass(ClassTree node, P p);
- R visitConditionalExpression(ConditionalExpressionTree node, P p);
- R visitContinue(ContinueTree node, P p);
- R visitDoWhileLoop(DoWhileLoopTree node, P p);
- R visitErroneous(ErroneousTree node, P p);
- R visitExpressionStatement(ExpressionStatementTree node, P p);
- R visitEnhancedForLoop(EnhancedForLoopTree node, P p);
- R visitForLoop(ForLoopTree node, P p);
- R visitIdentifier(IdentifierTree node, P p);
- R visitIf(IfTree node, P p);
- R visitImport(ImportTree node, P p);
- R visitArrayAccess(ArrayAccessTree node, P p);
- R visitLabeledStatement(LabeledStatementTree node, P p);
- R visitLiteral(LiteralTree node, P p);
- R visitMethod(MethodTree node, P p);
- R visitModifiers(ModifiersTree node, P p);
- R visitNewArray(NewArrayTree node, P p);
- R visitNewClass(NewClassTree node, P p);
- R visitLambdaExpression(LambdaExpressionTree node, P p);
- R visitParenthesized(ParenthesizedTree node, P p);
- R visitReturn(ReturnTree node, P p);
- R visitMemberSelect(MemberSelectTree node, P p);
- R visitMemberReference(MemberReferenceTree node, P p);
- R visitEmptyStatement(EmptyStatementTree node, P p);
- R visitSwitch(SwitchTree node, P p);
- R visitSynchronized(SynchronizedTree node, P p);
- R visitThrow(ThrowTree node, P p);
- R visitCompilationUnit(CompilationUnitTree node, P p);
- R visitTry(TryTree node, P p);
- R visitParameterizedType(ParameterizedTypeTree node, P p);
- R visitUnionType(UnionTypeTree node, P p);
- R visitIntersectionType(IntersectionTypeTree node, P p);
- R visitArrayType(ArrayTypeTree node, P p);
- R visitTypeCast(TypeCastTree node, P p);
- R visitPrimitiveType(PrimitiveTypeTree node, P p);
- R visitTypeParameter(TypeParameterTree node, P p);
- R visitInstanceOf(InstanceOfTree node, P p);
- R visitUnary(UnaryTree node, P p);
- R visitVariable(VariableTree node, P p);
- R visitWhileLoop(WhileLoopTree node, P p);
- R visitWildcard(WildcardTree node, P p);
- R visitOther(Tree node, P p);
- }
定义的泛型类型中,R可以指定返回类型,而P可以额外为访问者方法指定参数。我们需要访问者方法返回转换后的JavacASTNode节点,所以R指定为了JavacASTNode类型,参数不需要额外指定,所以直接使用Void类型即可。
在TreeVisitor中定义了许多访问者方法,涉及到了抽象语法树的每个节点,这些节点在《深入解析Java编译器:源码剖析与实例详解》一书中详细做了介绍,有兴趣的可以参考。
接口中定义的访问者方法需要在JavacASTVisitor类中实现,例如对于visitCompilationUnit()方法、visitClass()方法、visitImport()方法及visitIdentifier()方法的具体实现如下:
- @Override
- public JavacASTNode visitCompilationUnit(CompilationUnitTree node, Void p) {
- JCCompilationUnit t = (JCCompilationUnit) node;
- JavacASTNode currnode = new JavacASTNode();
- currnode.setProperty("root");
- currnode.setType(t.getClass().getSimpleName());
- traverse(currnode,"packageAnnotations",t.packageAnnotations);
- traverse(currnode,"pid",t.pid);
- traverse(currnode,"defs",t.defs);
- return currnode;
- }
- @Override
- public JavacASTNode visitClass(ClassTree node, Void p) {
- JCClassDecl t = (JCClassDecl) node;
- JavacASTNode currnode = new JavacASTNode();
- traverse(currnode,"extending",t.extending);
- traverse(currnode,"implementing",t.implementing);
- traverse(currnode,"defs",t.defs);
-
- return currnode;
- }
- public JavacASTNode visitImport(ImportTree node, Void curr) {
- JCImport t = (JCImport) node;
- JavacASTNode currnode = new JavacASTNode();
-
- traverse(currnode,"qualid",t.qualid);
- return currnode;
- }
- @Override
- public JavacASTNode visitIdentifier(IdentifierTree node, Void p) {
- JCIdent t = (JCIdent) node;
- JavacASTNode currnode = new JavacASTNode();
- JavacASTNode name = new JavacASTNode("name", t.name.getClass().getSimpleName(), t.name.toString());
- currnode.addChild(name);
- name.setParent(currnode);
- return currnode;
- }
将JCCompilationUnit节点转换为JavacASTNode节点,并且调用traverse()方法继续处理子节点packageAnnotations、pid和defs。其它方法类似,这里不再过多介绍。更多关于访问者方法的实现可查看我的开源项目,地址为https://gitee.com/mazhimazh/JavacASTViewer
tranverse()方法的实现如下:
- public JavacASTNode traverse(JCTree tree) {
- if (tree == null)
- return null;
- return tree.accept(this, null);
- }
- public void traverse(JavacASTNode parent, String property, JCTree currnode) {
- if (currnode == null)
- return;
- JavacASTNode sub = currnode.accept(this, null);
- sub.setProperty(property);
- if (sub.getType() == null) {
- sub.setType(currnode.getClass().getSimpleName());
- }
- sub.setParent(parent);
- parent.addChild(sub);
- }
- public <T extends JCTree> void traverse(JavacASTNode parent, String property, List<T> trees) {
- if (trees == null || trees.size() == 0)
- return;
- JavacASTNode defs = new JavacASTNode(property, trees.getClass().getSimpleName());
- defs.setParent(parent);
- parent.addChild(defs);
- for (int i = 0; i < trees.size(); i++) {
- JCTree tree = trees.get(i);
- JavacASTNode def_n = tree.accept(this, null);
- def_n.setProperty(i + "");
- if (def_n.getType() == null) {
- def_n.setType(tree.getClass().getSimpleName());
- }
- def_n.setParent(defs);
- defs.addChild(def_n);
- }
- }
为了方便对单个JCTree及列表List进行遍历,在JavacASTVisitor 类中定义了3个重载方法。在遍历列表时,列表的每一项的属性被指定为序号。
这样我们就将Javac的抽象语法树转换为Eclipse树形视图所需要的数据模型了。下面我们就来应用这个数据模型。
在JavacASTViewer插件启动时,读取Eclipse编辑器中的Java源代码,修改JavacASTViewer类的createPartControl()方法,具体实现如下:
- public void createPartControl(Composite parent) {
-
- fViewer = new TreeViewer(parent, SWT.SINGLE);
- fViewer.setLabelProvider(new ViewLabelProvider());
- fViewer.setContentProvider(new ViewContentProvider());
- // fViewer.setInput(getSite());
-
- try {
- IEditorPart part= EditorUtility.getActiveEditor();
- if (part instanceof ITextEditor) {
- setInput((ITextEditor) part);
- }
- } catch (CoreException e) {
- // ignore
- }
- }
调用EditorUtility工具类的getActiveEditor()方法获取代表Eclipse当前激活的编辑器窗口,然后调用setInput()方法,这个方法的实现如下:
- public void setInput(ITextEditor editor) throws CoreException {
- if (editor != null) {
- fEditor = editor;
- is = EditorUtility.getURI(editor);
- internalSetInput(is);
- }
- }
调用EditorUtility工具类的getURI()方法从当前激活的编辑器中获取Java源代码文件的路径,这个工具类的实现如下:
- package astview;
- import java.net.URI;
- import org.eclipse.core.resources.IFile;
- import org.eclipse.ui.IEditorPart;
- import org.eclipse.ui.IWorkbenchPage;
- import org.eclipse.ui.IWorkbenchWindow;
- import org.eclipse.ui.PlatformUI;
- public class EditorUtility {
- private EditorUtility() {
- super();
- }
- public static IEditorPart getActiveEditor() {
- IWorkbenchWindow window = PlatformUI.getWorkbench().getActiveWorkbenchWindow();
- if (window != null) {
- IWorkbenchPage page = window.getActivePage();
- if (page != null) {
- return page.getActiveEditor();
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- public static URI getURI(IEditorPart part) {
- IFile file = part.getEditorInput().getAdapter(IFile.class);
- return file.getLocationURI();
- }
- }
- private JCCompilationUnit internalSetInput(URI is) throws CoreException {
- JCCompilationUnit root = null;
- try {
- root= createAST(is);
- resetView(root);
- if (root == null) {
- setContentDescription("AST could not be created.");
- return null;
- }
- } catch (RuntimeException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return root;
- }
调用createAST()方法获取抽象语法树,调用resetView()方法为Eclipse的树形视图设置数据来源。
createAST()方法的实现如下:
- JavacFileManager dfm = null;
- JavaCompiler comp = null;
- private JCCompilationUnit createAST(URI is) {
- if (comp == null) {
- Context context = new Context();
- JavacFileManager.preRegister(context);
- JavaFileManager fileManager = context.get(JavaFileManager.class);
- comp = JavaCompiler.instance(context);
- dfm = (JavacFileManager) fileManager;
- }
-
- JavaFileObject jfo = dfm.getFileForInput(is.getPath());
- JCCompilationUnit tree = comp.parse(jfo);
- return tree;
- }
调用Javac相关的API解析Java源代码,然后返回抽象语法树,在resetView()方法中将这个抽象语法树设置为树形视图的输入,如下:
- private void resetView(JCCompilationUnit root) {
- fViewer.setInput(root);
- }
因为为fViewer设置的数据模型为JCCompilationUnit,所以当树形视图需要数据时,会调用JavacASTNode节点中的getElements()方法,接收到的参数inputElement的类型就是JCCompilationUnit的,这个方法我们在前面介绍过,这里不再介绍。
现在编写个实例来查看JavacASTViewer的显示效果,实例如下:
- package test;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- public class Test {
- List<String> a = new ArrayList<String>();
- String b;
- int c;
- public void test() {
- a.add("test");
- b = "hello word!";
- c = 1;
- }
- }
JavacASTViewer的显示效果如下:
后续文章将继续完善这个项目,包括为JavacASTViewer增加重新读取编辑器视图内容的“读入”按钮,双击抽象语法树的某个语法树节点后,Eclipse的编辑视图自动选中所对应的Java源代码,
增加测试用例及发布Eclipse插件安装地址等等。
参考:
(1)《深入解析Java编译器:源码剖析与实例详解》一书
(2)《Eclipse插件开发学习笔记》一书