内容来自 oracle 11g 实用教程 郑阿奇等编

在 oracle 11g中有merge语句,用于根据与原表连接的结果,对目标表执行插入,更新,或者删除操作。例如,根据在一个表中找到的差异在另一个表中插入,更新或者删除行,这种方法可以对两个表进行信息同步。语法格式如下

merge into <目标表名>

using <原表名>on <条件表达式>

when matched then {update set ...|delete}

when not matched then insert(...) values()

merge into a
 using xsb on (a.xh=xsb.学号)
 when matched then update set a.xm = xsb.姓名,a.xb=xsb.性别,a.cssj = xsb.出生时间,a.zy=xsb.专业,a.zxf=xsb.总学分,a.bz=xsb.备注
 when not matched then insert values(xsb.学号,xsb.姓名,xsb.性别,xsb.出生时间,xsb.专业,xsb.总学分,xsb.备注)

数据库

 create table a
(
XH char(6) not null primary key,
xM char(8) not null,
XB char(2) not null,
CSSJ date not null,
ZY char(24) null,
ZXF number(2) null,
BZ varchar(200) null
);
--------------------------------------------------------
-- 文件已创建 - 星期日-七月-24-2016
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
-- DDL for Table XSB
-------------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."XSB"
( "学号" CHAR(6 BYTE),
"姓名" CHAR(8 BYTE),
"性别" CHAR(2 BYTE) DEFAULT '男',
"出生时间" DATE,
"专业" CHAR(12 BYTE),
"总学分" NUMBER(2,0),
"备注" VARCHAR2(200 BYTE)
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
REM INSERTING into SCOTT.XSB
SET DEFINE OFF;
Insert into SCOTT.XSB (学号,姓名,性别,出生时间,专业,总学分,备注) values ('','周何骏 ','男',to_date('25-9月 -98','DD-MON-RR'),'计算机 ',90,null);
Insert into SCOTT.XSB (学号,姓名,性别,出生时间,专业,总学分,备注) values ('','王林 ','男',to_date('02-10月-97','DD-MON-RR'),'计算机 ',50,null);
Insert into SCOTT.XSB (学号,姓名,性别,出生时间,专业,总学分,备注) values ('','王燕 ','女',to_date('10-6月 -96','DD-MON-RR'),'计算机 ',50,null);
Insert into SCOTT.XSB (学号,姓名,性别,出生时间,专业,总学分,备注) values ('','王林 ','男',to_date('29-1月 -96','DD-MON-RR'),'通信工程 ',40,'有一门课不及格,待补考');
Insert into SCOTT.XSB (学号,姓名,性别,出生时间,专业,总学分,备注) values ('','林一帆 ','男',to_date('08-5月 -96','DD-MON-RR'),'计算机 ',52,'已提前修完一门课');
Insert into SCOTT.XSB (学号,姓名,性别,出生时间,专业,总学分,备注) values ('','马琳琳 ','女',to_date('02-10月-96','DD-MON-RR'),'通信工程 ',42,null);
--------------------------------------------------------
-- DDL for Index SYS_C0011202
-------------------------------------------------------- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."SYS_C0011202" ON "SCOTT"."XSB" ("学号")
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
--------------------------------------------------------
-- Constraints for Table XSB
-------------------------------------------------------- ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."XSB" MODIFY ("学号" NOT NULL ENABLE); ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."XSB" MODIFY ("姓名" NOT NULL ENABLE); ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."XSB" MODIFY ("性别" NOT NULL ENABLE); ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."XSB" MODIFY ("出生时间" NOT NULL ENABLE); ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."XSB" ADD PRIMARY KEY ("学号")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE;
05-07 15:38