字符串
字符串的定义与创建¶
定义:字符串是一个有序的字符集合,用来存储和表示文本信息。用双引和单引表示。是一种不可变类型。¶
创建:¶
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s = 'Hello Python' print(s)
Hello Python
常用操作:¶
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# 索引和切片 s = 'Python' print(s[1]) # y print(s[-1]) # n print(s[1:4]) # yth 顾头不顾尾
y n yth
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# capitalize() 首字母大写 s = 'hello python' print(s.capitalize()) # Hello python
Hello python
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# upper() lower() 全大写和全小写 s1 = 'hello python' s2 = 'HELLO PYTHON' print(s1.upper()) # Hello python print(s2.lower()) # hello python
HELLO PYTHON hello python
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# title() 每个隔开(特殊字符和数字)的单词的首字母大写 s = 'life is short you need python' print(s.title()) # Life Is Short You Need Python
Life Is Short You Need Python
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# center() 两边按指定字符填充 居中 s = 'python' print(s.center(20,'-')) # -------python-------
-------python-------
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# len() 长度 字符数 s = 'i love you jiang zi ya' print(len(s)) # 22 s1 = '我喜欢你' print(len(s1)) # 4
22 4
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# startswith() 判断是否以什么什么开头 支持指定起始和终止 s = 'jiang ziya' print(s.startswith('jiang')) # True print(s.startswith('ziya')) # False print(s.startswith('jiang',0,5)) # True print(s.startswith('jiang',0,4)) # False
True False True False
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# find() 查找每个字符的索引 没找到返回-1 支持指定起始和终止 s = 'jiang zi ya' print(s.find('z')) print(s.find('zi')) print(s.find('Jiang'))
6 6 -1
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# index() 查找每个字符的索引 没找到报错 print(s.index('z')) print(s.index('zi')) # print(s.index('Jiang'))
6 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-20-ff6187789150> in <module> 2 print(s.index('z')) 3 print(s.index('zi')) ----> 4print(s.index('Jiang')) ValueError: substring not found
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# strip() 去除两边的指定字符串 默认删空格 rstrip() 左边 lstrip() 右边 s = ' python ' print(s.strip()) print(s.strip('')) print(s.strip(' ')) print(''.center(20,'-')) s1 = '*%jiang*%wei*%%%%' print(s1.strip('*%'))
python python python -------------------- jiang*%wei
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# count() 计算某个字符的个数 支持指定起始和终止位置 s = 'Python python' print(s.count('t')) print(s.count('jiang'))
2 0
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# split() 按照指定字符切割 默认按照空格切割 返回列表 s = ' i love you ' print(s.split()) print(s.split(' ')) s1 = '--he--he--he--' print(s1.split('--'))
['i', 'love', 'you'] ['', 'i', 'love', 'you', ''] [' i love you '] ['', 'he', 'he', 'he', '']
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# replace() 替换 可以指定替换数 s = 'who are you who are you who are you' print(s.replace('you','she')) print(s.replace('you','she',2))
who are she who are she who are she who are she who are she who are you
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# is系列 name = 'jiangziya1' print(name.isalpha()) # 判断字符串是否由字母组成 print(name.isalnum()) # 判断字符串是否由数字和字母组成 print(name.isdigit()) # 判断字符串是否右数字组成
False True False