自从学习了爬虫，就想在B站爬取点什么数据，最近看到一些个up主涨粉很快，于是对up主的粉丝数量产生了好奇，所以就有了标题~
首先，我天真的以为通过up主个人空间的地址就能爬到
https://space.bilibili.com/137952
但事与愿违，给这个地址发送请求返回来的并不是我们想要的页面数据，而是一个类似于要求用户更换浏览器的错误页面
我们可以使用postman来模拟发送这个请求
响应的页面就是这个
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name=spm_prefix content=333.999>
<meta charset=UTF-8>
<meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name=renderer content=webkit|ie-comp|ie-stand>
<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=//at.alicdn.com/t/font_438759_ivzgkauwm755qaor.css>
<script type=text/javascript>var ua = window.navigator.userAgent
var agents = ["Android","iPhone","SymbianOS","Windows Phone","iPod"]
var pathname = /\d+/.exec(window.location.pathname)
var getCookie = function(sKey) {
return decodeURIComponent(
document.cookie.replace(
new RegExp('(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*' +
encodeURIComponent(sKey).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g, '\\$&') +
'\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$'),
'$1'
)
) || null
} var DedeUserID = getCookie('DedeUserID')
var mid = pathname ? +pathname[0] : DedeUserID === null ? 0 : +DedeUserID
if (mid < 1) {
window.location.href = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/login?gourl=https://space.bilibili.com'
} else {
window._bili_space_mid = mid
window._bili_space_mymid = DedeUserID === null ? 0 : +DedeUserID
var prefix = /^\/v/.test(pathname) ? '/v' : ''
window.history.replaceState({}, '', prefix + '/' + mid + '/' + (pathname ? window.location.hash : '#/')) for (var i = 0; i < agents.length; i++) {
if (ua.indexOf(agents[i]) > -1) {
window.location.href = 'https://m.bilibili.com/space/' + mid
break
}
}
}
</script>
<link href=//s1.hdslb.com/bfs/static/jinkela/space/css/space.25.bbaa2f1b5482f89caf23662936077cf2ae130dd9.css rel=stylesheet>
<link href=//s1.hdslb.com/bfs/static/jinkela/space/css/space.26.bbaa2f1b5482f89caf23662936077cf2ae130dd9.css rel=stylesheet>
</head>
<body>
<div class="z-top-container has-top-search"></div>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<div id="browser-version-tip">
<div class="wrapper">
抱歉，您正在使用不支持的浏览器访问个人空间。推荐您
<a href="//www.google.cn/chrome/browser/desktop/index.html">安装 Chrome 浏览器</a>以获得更好的体验 ヾ(o◕∀◕)ﾉ
</div>
</div>
<![endif]-->
<div id=space-app></div>
<script type=text/javascript>//日志上报
window.spaceReport = {}
window.reportConfig = {
sample: 1,
scrollTracker: true,
msgObjects: 'spaceReport'
}
var reportScript = document.createElement('script')
reportScript.src = '//s1.hdslb.com/bfs/seed/log/report/log-reporter.js'
document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].appendChild(reportScript)
reportScript.onerror = function() {
console.warn('log-reporter.js加载失败，放弃上报')
var noop = function() {}
window.reportObserver = {
sendPV: noop,
forceCommit: noop
}
}</script>
<script src=//static.hdslb.com/js/jquery.min.js></script>
<script src=//s1.hdslb.com/bfs/seed/jinkela/header/header.js></script>
<script type=text/javascript src=//s1.hdslb.com/bfs/static/jinkela/space/manifest.bbaa2f1b5482f89caf23662936077cf2ae130dd9.js></script>
<script type=text/javascript src=//s1.hdslb.com/bfs/static/jinkela/space/vendor.bbaa2f1b5482f89caf23662936077cf2ae130dd9.js></script>
<script type=text/javascript src=//s1.hdslb.com/bfs/static/jinkela/space/space.bbaa2f1b5482f89caf23662936077cf2ae130dd9.js></script>
</body>
</html>
这是怎么回事呢？
让我们来换个思路吧，随便打开一个up主的专栏，按下F12，可以看到发送了这么些请求
其中的这个请求便是我们所需要的
https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/card?mid=1393013&jsonp=jsonp&article=true
让我们再用postman来测试一下
由图可见，返回的json串就是我们想要的数据
接下来，我们就用Java的爬虫框架WebMagic来编写爬虫程序，爬取1~1000的用户信息（粉丝数 >= 10000）
package com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.mongodb.*;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.entity.UpMaster;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Page;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Site;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.selector.Json; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; /**
* Created by 唐哲
* 2018-06-21 17:36
* 爬取b站粉丝数
*/
public class BilibiliPageProcess implements PageProcessor { private static MongoCollection<DBObject> collection = null; static {
MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder().connectTimeout(60000).build(); MongoClient client = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress("localhost", 27017), options); MongoDatabase db = client.getDatabase("bilibili"); collection = db.getCollection("up_master", DBObject.class);
} private Site site = Site.me()
.setRetrySleepTime(3);
//.addHeader("Cookie", "sid=73z7tai9; fts=1499404833; pgv_pvi=4286189568; LIVE_BUVID=038be0e7dbefae118807a05ce6758c31; LIVE_BUVID__ckMd5=35b7fa0ba25cd9c6; rpdid=iwpsxqxxqxdopllxpxipw; buvid3=6ECE81DC-0F17-4805-A8D8-93AAA590623537243infoc; biliMzIsnew=1; biliMzTs=0; UM_distinctid=160c4c3cad640-0317802b275f19-5a442916-144000-160c4c3cad724e; im_notify_type_1393013=0; _cnt_dyn=undefined; _cnt_pm=0; _cnt_notify=0; uTZ=-480; CURRENT_QUALITY=64; im_local_unread_1393013=0; im_seqno_1393013=37; finger=edc6ecda; DedeUserID=1393013; DedeUserID__ckMd5=afb19007fffe33b0; SESSDATA=0ea7d6d3%2C1531986297%2C72337142; bili_jct=1814a4be6409416a0cc9f606e5494a09; _dfcaptcha=bebbef520c7c46f8cb0a877c33c677e1; bp_t_offset_1393013=132005944396809066")
//.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36"); @Override
public Site getSite() {
return this.site;
} @Override
public void process(Page page) {
Json result = page.getJson();
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result.toString());
JSONObject data = jsonObject.getJSONObject("data");
JSONObject card = data.getJSONObject("card");
String mid = card.getString("mid"); // mid
String name = card.getString("name"); // name
String face = card.getString("face"); // 头像
String fans = card.getString("fans"); // 粉丝数
if (Long.parseLong(fans) <= 10000) {
return;
}
String attention = card.getString("attention"); // 关注数
String sign = card.getString("sign"); // 签名
JSONObject levelInfo = card.getJSONObject("level_info");
String level = levelInfo.getString("current_level"); // 会员等级 BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();
document.append("mid", Long.parseLong(mid))
.append("name", name)
.append("face", face)
.append("fans", Long.parseLong(fans))
.append("attention", Long.parseLong(attention))
.append("sign", sign)
.append("level", Integer.parseInt(level));
collection.insertOne(document);
} public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> urls = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) {
urls.add("https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/card?mid=" + i);
}
Spider.create(new BilibiliPageProcess()).addRequest().addUrl(urls.toArray(new String[urls.size()])).thread(10).run();
} }
爬取的数据存储到mongodb中，打开mongodb查看存下来的数据：
uid在1~1000以内粉丝数在10000以上包括10000的up主就全部存储到数据库中了
我们可以用spingboot写一个web应用，通过页面和接口更好地查看这些数据
pom文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.tangzhe</groupId>
<artifactId>spider-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spider-demo</name>
<description>this is my spider demo</description> <parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
</parent> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <!-- webmagic -->
<dependency>
<groupId>us.codecraft</groupId>
<artifactId>webmagic-core</artifactId>
<version>0.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>us.codecraft</groupId>
<artifactId>webmagic-extension</artifactId>
<version>0.6.1</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.12</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlunit</groupId>
<artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId>
<version>2.23</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.7</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
<artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
<version>1.11.3</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency> <!-- mongodb -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
<artifactId>mongo-java-driver</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
配置文件：
server:
port: 8888 spring:
application:
name: spider-demo
profiles:
active: dev
http:
encoding:
force: true
charset: UTF-8
enabled: true
thymeleaf:
encoding: UTF-8
cache: false
mode: HTML5
mongo:
host: localhost
port: 27017
timeout: 60000
db: test spring:
freemarker:
allow-request-override: false
cache: true
check-template-location: true
charset: UTF-8
content-type: text/html
expose-request-attributes: false
expose-session-attributes: false
expose-spring-macro-helpers: false
mongodb配置类：
package com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.config; import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.SimpleMongoDbFactory;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.convert.DefaultMongoTypeMapper;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.convert.MappingMongoConverter;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.MongoMappingContext;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsTemplate; /**
* MongoDB配置
*/
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mongo")
@Data
public class MongoDBConfiguration { //mongodb服务地址
private String host; //mongodb服务端口号
private Integer port; //连接超时
private Integer timeout; //mongodb数据库名
private String db; /**
* 配置MongoDB模板
*/
@Bean
public MongoTemplate mongoTemplate(SimpleMongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory,
MappingMongoConverter mappingMongoConverter) {
return new MongoTemplate(mongoDbFactory, mappingMongoConverter);
} /**
* 配置自增ID监听器
*/
// @Bean
// public SaveMongoEventListener saveMongoEventListener() {
// return new SaveMongoEventListener();
// } /**
* 配置GridFs模板，实现文件上传下载
*/
@Bean
public GridFsTemplate gridFsTemplate(SimpleMongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory,
MappingMongoConverter mappingMongoConverter) {
return new GridFsTemplate(mongoDbFactory, mappingMongoConverter);
} /**
* 配置mongoDbFactory
*/
@Bean
public SimpleMongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory() {
MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder().connectTimeout(timeout).build();
MongoClient client = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress(host, port), options);
return new SimpleMongoDbFactory(client, db);
} /**
* 配置mongoMappingContext
*/
@Bean
public MongoMappingContext mongoMappingContext() {
return new MongoMappingContext();
} /**
* 配置defaultMongoTypeMapper
*/
@Bean
public DefaultMongoTypeMapper defaultMongoTypeMapper() {
//去掉_class字段
return new DefaultMongoTypeMapper(null);
} /**
* 配置mappingMongoConverter
*/
@Bean
public MappingMongoConverter mappingMongoConverter(SimpleMongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory,
MongoMappingContext mongoMappingContext,
DefaultMongoTypeMapper defaultMongoTypeMapper) {
MappingMongoConverter mappingMongoConverter = new MappingMongoConverter(mongoDbFactory, mongoMappingContext);
mappingMongoConverter.setTypeMapper(defaultMongoTypeMapper);
return mappingMongoConverter;
} }
首先编写一个跟mongodb交互的entity类：
package com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.entity; import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document; @Document(collection = "up_master")
@Data
public class UpMaster { private String mid;
private Long uid;
private String name;
// 头像
private String face;
// 粉丝
private Long fans;
// 关注
private Long attention;
// 签名
private String sign;
// 会员等级
private Integer level; }
持久层：
这里有三个方法
第一个是通过uid查询用户
第二个是查询所有用户并通过粉丝数排序
第三个是查询粉丝数排行前十名
package com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.repository; import com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.entity.UpMaster;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; import java.util.List; public interface UpMasterRepository extends CrudRepository<UpMaster, Long> { List<UpMaster> findAllByOrderByMid();
List<UpMaster> findAllByOrderByFansDesc();
List<UpMaster> findTop10ByOrderByFansDesc(); }
业务层：
查询前10up主
package com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.service; import com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.entity.UpMaster;
import com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.repository.UpMasterRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; @Service
public class UpMasterServiceImpl implements UpMasterService { @Autowired
private UpMasterRepository upMasterRepository; @Override
public List<UpMaster> findAllOrderByMid() {
Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "mid");
Sort sort = new Sort(order);
return upMasterRepository.findTop10ByOrderByFansDesc();
} @Override
public void add(UpMaster upMaster) {
upMasterRepository.save(upMaster);
} }
controller层：
这个接口可以查询当前mongodb中排名前10的up主信息
package com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.controller; import com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.entity.UpMaster;
import com.tangzhe.spider.webmagic.service.UpMasterService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.List; @RestController
@RequestMapping("/up")
public class UpMasterController { @Autowired
private UpMasterService upMasterService; @GetMapping("/list")
public List<UpMaster> list() {
List<UpMaster> list = upMasterService.findAllOrderByMid();
return list;
} }
最后写一个前端页面展示up主粉丝排行：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>B站up主粉丝数排行榜</title>
<style type="text/css">
.face {
width: 128px;
height: 128px;
}
.content {
position: absolute;
}
.info {
float: left;
padding-right: 250px;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/jquery-1.8.3.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$.ajax({
url: "/up/list",
type: "GET",
success: function(data){
$(data).each(function(i, up){
var no = i+1;
var name = "<div>"+"NO."+no+"\t"+up.name+"</div>";
var uid = "<div>UID: "+up.uid+"</div>";
var face = "<img src="+up.face+" />";
var fans = "<div>粉丝："+up.fans+"</div><br/>"
var temp = "info";
var info = "<div class="+temp+">" + name + uid + face + fans + "</div>";
$(".content").append(info);
$(".content img").addClass("face");
});
}
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content"></div>
</body>
</html>
现在就可以执行springboot主类运行项目
访问 http://localhost:8888/
图中展示出来的就是B站用户Uid从1~5000的粉丝数在1W以上的up主的前十名排行榜了
看起来很不错，一个爬虫程序加上web端页面展示就完成了~
但是，当爬取上万甚至上百万B站用户信息的时候，爬虫效率并不高，可以说是很慢，这个问题让我很纠结。。。
于是我便想用go语言来写一段同样的爬虫程序，试试看会不会快一点，说写就写~
这里为了方便起见，就不分层了，直接将爬虫程序放到一个文件中
package main import (
"fmt"
"strconv"
"net/http"
"encoding/json"
"log"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
"time"
) // B站接口返回数据类型
type Result struct {
Code int `json:"code"`
Message string `json:"message"`
Ttl int `json:"ttl"`
Data Data `json:"data"`
} type Data struct {
Card UpMaster `json:"card"`
} // up主结构体
type UpMaster struct {
Mid string `json:"mid"`
Uid int64 `json:"uid"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Face string `json:"face"`
Fans int64 `json:"fans"`
Attention int64 `json:"attention"`
Sign string `json:"sign"`
} const urlPrefix = "https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/card?mid=" // url前缀
var conn *mgo.Collection func init() {
// 初始化mongodb
session, err := mgo.Dial("localhost:27017")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
} session.SetMode(mgo.Monotonic, true)
conn = session.DB("test").C("up_master")
} // 爬虫执行函数，供外部调用
func Work(f func(i int, page chan<- int) ()) {
var start, end int
fmt.Printf("请输入起始值：")
fmt.Scan(&start)
fmt.Printf("请输入结束值：")
fmt.Scan(&end)
fmt.Printf("现在开始爬取UID从%d~%d的B站用户粉丝数\n", start, end)
page := make(chan int)
for i:=start; i<=end; i++ {
go f(i, page)
}
for i:=start; i<=end; i++ {
fmt.Printf("%d爬取完成\n", <-page)
}
} // 通过用户id爬取粉丝数量
func SpideBilibiliFansByUid(i int, page chan<- int) {
// 明确爬取的url
url := urlPrefix + strconv.Itoa(i)
//fmt.Println(url)
resp, err := http.Get(url)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("http.Get err =", err)
return
}
defer resp.Body.Close() var result string
buf := make([]byte, 4*1024)
for {
n, _ := resp.Body.Read(buf)
if n == 0 {
break
}
result += string(buf[:n])
} //fmt.Println(result) // 将接口返回的json串封装成upMaster对象
var res Result
err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result), &res)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
//fmt.Println(res.Data.Card)
up := res.Data.Card // up主对象
atoi, _ := strconv.Atoi(up.Mid)
up.Uid = int64(atoi) // 将up主对象存入mongodb
// 粉丝数 >= 10000
if up.Fans >= 10000 {
conn.Insert(up)
} time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) page <- i
} func main() {
Work(SpideBilibiliFansByUid)
}
go语言在语言层面天生支持多线程，只要在前面加上go关键字，就能使用协程了 go func(){}
运行程序（运行之前需要先开mongodb）：
这里输入的两个数字就是B站用户的uid，图中是1~10000
经测试，速度比Java的WebMagic快了好几个层级，所以爬虫程序就选用go语言的了，web项目还是采用springboot的。
最后奉上Uid从1~10000的up主粉丝大于1W的用户数据：
web页面展示前十名：
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
DuangDuangDuangDuang，由于篇幅有限，未能展示所有UP主，毕竟有好几十亿的用户啊（这得爬到什么时候呢。。。）
不过后续还会推出更多的排名，慢慢地接近爬取所有UP主粉丝数
请大家拭目以待哦~