~$ uname -a
Linux laptop 2.6.27-7-generic #1 SMP Tue Nov 4 19:33:20 UTC 2008 i686 GNU/Linux
查看型号为ac97的声卡驱动模块
~$ modprobe -l | grep ac97
/lib/modules/2.6.27-7-generic/kernel/sound/pci/ac97/snd-ac97-codec.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.27-7-generic/kernel/sound/ac97_bus.ko
查看声卡型号
~$ lspci |grep -i audio
00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) AC’97 Audio Controller (rev 03)
查看声卡信息
~$ cat /proc/asound/cards
0 [ICH5 ]: ICH4 – Intel ICH5
Intel ICH5 with AD1985 at irq 17
查看alsa-utils版本
~$ alsactl -v
alsactl version 1.0.17
查看内核alsa版本（需要与alsa-utils版本一致）
cat /proc/asound/version
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.16.
Compiled on Dec 2 2008 for kernel 2.6.24-23-generic (SMP).
声卡信息
~$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: ICH5 [Intel ICH5], device 0: Intel ICH [Intel ICH5]
Subdevices: 0/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: ICH5 [Intel ICH5], device 4: Intel ICH – IEC958 [Intel ICH5 - IEC958]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
硬件信息 之 声卡（lshw指list hardware，是一个软件）
~$ sudo lshw -C sound
*-multimedia UNCLAIMED
description: Multimedia audio controller
product: 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) AC’97 Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.5
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.5
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
系统模块状态 之 声音
~$ lsmod | grep -i snd
snd_pcm_oss 46496 0
snd_mixer_oss 22784 1 snd_pcm_oss
snd_pcm 83844 1 snd_pcm_oss
snd_seq_dummy 11012 0
snd_seq_oss 39936 0
snd_seq_midi 14368 0
snd_rawmidi 29728 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_midi_event 15232 2 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq 58352 6 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_timer 29448 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
snd_seq_device 15500 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq
snd 64164 9 snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device
soundcore 15328 1 snd
snd_page_alloc 16776 1 snd_pcm
# below is the module listing with working sound in kernel 2.6.24-21
:~$ cat sndmodules
snd_intel8×0 35868 3
snd_ac97_codec 102176 1 snd_intel8×0
ac97_bus 3200 1 snd_ac97_codec
snd_pcm_oss 42528 0
snd_mixer_oss 18048 1 snd_pcm_oss
snd_pcm 79748 3 snd_intel8×0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm_oss
snd_seq_dummy 4996 0
snd_seq_oss 35456 0
snd_seq_midi 9504 0
snd_rawmidi 25888 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_midi_event 8576 2 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq 54096 6 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_timer 24964 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
snd_seq_device 9612 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq
snd 59812 17 snd_intel8×0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device
soundcore 8800 1 snd
snd_page_alloc 12552 2 snd_intel8×0,snd_pcm
#I have a disabled volume control applet on the panel (red cross)
# attempting to use it give the following message
The volume control did not find any elements and/or devices to control. This means either that you don’t have the right GStreamer plugins installed, or that you don’t have a sound card configured.