dpkg(package manager for Debian): debian体系中的包管理工具。

Commands:
-i|--install <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
-r|--remove <package> ... | -a|--pending

1.查看已经安装的软件

$ dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-===============================-====================-====================-====================================================================
ii account-plugin-aim 3.8.6-0ubuntu9.1 amd64 Messaging account plugin for AIM
ii ack-grep 2.12-1 all grep-like program specifically for large source trees

2.安装deb格式的软件

有时候会下载deb的软件,如virtualbox,那么我们就能够这样安装:

$ sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-4.3_4.3.26-98988~Ubuntu~raring_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package virtualbox-4.3.
(Reading database ... 237712 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack virtualbox-4.3_4.3.26-98988~Ubuntu~raring_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking virtualbox-4.3 (4.3.26-98988~Ubuntu~raring) ...
Setting up virtualbox-4.3 (4.3.26-98988~Ubuntu~raring) ...
Adding group `vboxusers' (GID 127) ...
Done.

3.查看deb的信息

-I參数,查看具体信息

$ dpkg -I virtualbox-4.3_4.3.26-98988~Ubuntu~raring_amd64.deb
new debian package, version 2.0.
size 64750912 bytes: control archive=23332 bytes.
118 bytes, 4 lines conffiles
1371 bytes, 20 lines control
58951 bytes, 641 lines md5sums
14579 bytes, 365 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
2144 bytes, 59 lines * postrm #!/bin/sh
3335 bytes, 98 lines * preinst #!/bin/bash
3100 bytes, 100 lines * prerm #!/bin/sh
4666 bytes, 107 lines templates
Package: virtualbox-4.3
Version: 4.3.26-98988~Ubuntu~raring
Architecture: amd64
Maintainer: Oracle Corporation <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 147848

-c,查看包中的文件结构

$ dpkg -c virtualbox-4.3_4.3.26-98988~Ubuntu~raring_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2015-03-17 02:12 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2015-03-17 02:12 ./etc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2015-03-17 02:12 ./etc/init.d/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 6796 2015-03-17 02:12 ./etc/init.d/vboxautostart-service
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 12680 2015-03-17 02:12 ./etc/init.d/vboxdrv
05-06 07:40