正确答案:AD
这张图描述了包规范和包主体。表明包规规范提当着包主体的接口。包规范和包主体中都可以声明变量丶类型和组件。在包规规范中声明的变量丶类型和组件会被发布，而仅在包主体内声明的变量丶类型和组件则是局部组件。在组件实现内定义的命名块是私有模块，或者是局部函数和过程的黑盒内的部分。
当在包规范中声明了包函数和过程时，外部PL/SQL块可调用它们。仅在包体主体中声明的组件通过它们的包声明调用发布组件。
当在包规范中定义用户自定义数据类型时，它们就对其它所有PL/SQL块公有可用。
当在包体中定义用户自定义数据类型时，它们就对在包体中实现的PL/SQL块私有可用。
无论使用的是包规范还是包主体，变量和类型的实现方法式都是相同的。
这张图是说明黑盒的重载的工作方。在第一个签名中，第二个参数是CLOB，第三个参数是DATE，而它们在第二个签名中的位置调了个儿。示例ADDING函数的图将VARCHAR2参数显示成两个圆漏斗，将NUMBER参数显示成两个方漏斗。
包主体:
包主体包含在包规范中声明实现.一切都必须完全相符,包括形参的默认值。在Oracle9i之前可以在规范中声明形参，但是不完全强制在包主体中实现它们。所以从Oracle8i迁移到更新的版本之前需要检查一下(如果还没有检查的话)代码某些部分。
包主体原型与包规范原型非常相似。包主体几乎可以声明包规范设置的一切，除了一件事外:不能在包主体内定义函数的PRAAGMA。任何这样的企图都会引发PLS-00708错误，该项错误表明必须把它们放在包规范中。
只要不同于包规范中所声明的内空，就可以使用包级异常的EXCEPTION_INIT PRAGMA指令。也可以重写在包规范中声明的一个变量。可以通过在包主体中再次声明这个变量来重写。这样，就使包主体不能访问变量的这两个副本。当试图编制译包主体时，在包主体内对声明了两次变量的任何引用都会引发PLS-00371异常。该异常表明，至多只允许声明变量一次。其意图似乎是表明不应当利用这个行为，而包主体的成功编译很可能是一个潜在的BUG。
在包主体中声明的包级变量不同于在包规中声明的包级变量。不能在包之外访问包级变量。只有包规范发布的函数和过程可以访问包级变量。这使得这些变量非常像实例变量，因为它们在对包函数与过程的调用之间保持了状态。至少，从第一次调用直到会话结束或因为留时间过长被推出SGA，它们保持了它们的状态。
举个实际工作中的例子:
创建包规范:
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE EBS_TRADE IS
-- ?ú???í?ó????
PROCEDURE MakeErrorMessage(Head IN EBSHEADOBJECT, ErrorCode IN VARCHAR2,
ResBuffer OUT VARCHAR2);
PROCEDURE MakeCancelMessage(Head IN EBSHEADOBJECT, ErrorCode IN VARCHAR2,
ResBuffer IN VARCHAR2);
PROCEDURE PrintLogInfo(Head IN EBSHEADOBJECT, Info IN VARCHAR2);
-- ????????
FUNCTION EncryptPassword(iOldPass IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
FUNCTION EncryptPassword6(iOldPass IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
-- ???????¨??????
FUNCTION EncryptAuth(iAuthCode IN VARCHAR2,
iHdCode IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
-- ????6?????ú??
FUNCTION GetRandNum RETURN NUMBER;
PROCEDURE WriteElapsed(Head IN EBSHEADOBJECT);
END EBS_TRADE;
创建包主体
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY EBS_TRADE IS
-- ???????????????í?ó????
PROCEDURE MakeErrorMessage(Head IN EbsHeadObject, ErrorCode IN VARCHAR2,
ResBuffer OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
time_end NUMBER;
BEGIN
time_end:=DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME;
UPDATE BASE_STREAM_LOG SET STATE = 1,RETCODE=ErrorCode,ELAPSED=(time_end-Head.time_begin) WHERE STREAMID = Head.StreamId;
-- ?????????????????????á??
COMMIT;
SELECT LPAD(Head.serno,13,\'0\') || RETCODE || RETMESSAGE INTO ResBuffer FROM BASE_RET_INFO
WHERE RETCODE = ErrorCode;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
ResBuffer := LPAD(Head.serno,13,\'0\') ||ErrorCode || \'?????í?ó?ú??\';
END MakeErrorMessage;
PROCEDURE MakeCancelMessage(Head IN EbsHeadObject, ErrorCode IN VARCHAR2,
ResBuffer IN VARCHAR2)
AS
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
time_end NUMBER;
BEGIN
time_end:=DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME;
UPDATE BASE_STREAM_LOG SET STATE = 1,RETCODE=ErrorCode,ELAPSED=(time_end-Head.time_begin) WHERE STREAMID = Head.StreamId;
-- ?????????????????????á??
COMMIT;
--SELECT LPAD(Head.serno,13,\'0\') || RETCODE || RETMESSAGE INTO ResBuffer FROM BASE_RET_INFO
-- WHERE RETCODE = ErrorCode;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
--ResBuffer := LPAD(Head.serno,13,\'0\') ||ErrorCode || \'?????í?ó?ú??\';
ROLLBACK;
RETURN;
END MakeCancelMessage;
PROCEDURE WriteElapsed(Head IN EbsHeadObject)
AS
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
time_end NUMBER;
BEGIN
time_end:=DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME;
UPDATE BASE_STREAM_LOG SET ELAPSED=(time_end-Head.time_begin)||\'????\' WHERE STREAMID = Head.StreamId;
-- ?????????????????????á??
COMMIT;
END WriteElapsed;
PROCEDURE PrintLogInfo(Head IN EBSHEADOBJECT, Info IN VARCHAR2)
AS
FileHandle UTL_FILE.file_type;
HeadInfo VARCHAR(2000);
BEGIN
FileHandle := UTL_FILE.fopen(\'FILESERVERDIR\',\'PrintLogInfo.dbg\', \'a\', 2000);
HeadInfo := \'[???×\' || Head.TradeType || Head.TradeCode
|| \'][?á?°\' || sys_context(\'USERENV\', \'SESSIONID\')
|| \'][?±??\'|| to_char(SYSDATE, \'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS\') || \']\';
UTL_FILE.put_line(FileHandle, HeadInfo);
UTL_FILE.put_line(FileHandle, \' \' || Info);
UTL_FILE.fflush(FileHandle);
UTL_FILE.fclose(FileHandle);
END PrintLogInfo;
FUNCTION EncryptPassword6(iOldPass IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
Result VARCHAR2(6);
Temp VARCHAR2(6);
c CHAR(1);
c1 CHAR(1);
c2 CHAR(1);
c3 CHAR(1);
c4 CHAR(1);
c5 CHAR(1);
c6 CHAR(1);
BEGIN
IF LENGTHB(iOldPass) < 6 THEN
Temp := LPAD(iOldPass, 6, \'0\');
ELSIF LENGTHB(iOldPass) > 6 THEN
Temp := SUBSTRB(iOldPass, 1, 6);
ELSE
Temp := iOldPass;
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 5, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c1 := \'0\';
ELSE
c1 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 4, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c2 := \'0\';
ELSE
c2 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 1, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c3 := \'0\';
ELSE
c3 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 6, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c4 := \'0\';
ELSE
c4 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 3, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c5 := \'0\';
ELSE
c5 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 2, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c6 := \'0\';
ELSE
c6 := CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
Result := c1 || c2 || c3 || c4 || c5 || c6;
RETURN Result;
END EncryptPassword6;
-- ????????
FUNCTION EncryptPassword(iOldPass IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
Result VARCHAR2(8);
Temp VARCHAR2(8);
c CHAR(1);
c1 CHAR(1);
c2 CHAR(1);
c3 CHAR(1);
c4 CHAR(1);
c5 CHAR(1);
c6 CHAR(1);
C7 CHAR(1);
C8 CHAR(1);
BEGIN
IF LENGTHB(iOldPass) < 8 THEN
Temp := LPAD(iOldPass, 8, \'0\');
ELSIF LENGTHB(iOldPass) > 8 THEN
Temp := SUBSTRB(iOldPass, 1, 8);
ELSE
Temp := iOldPass;
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 5, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c1 := \'0\';
ELSE
c1 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 4, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c2 := \'0\';
ELSE
c2 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 1, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c3 := \'0\';
ELSE
c3 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 6, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c4 := \'0\';
ELSE
c4 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 3, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c5 := \'0\';
ELSE
c5 :=CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 2, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c6 := \'0\';
ELSE
c6 := CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 7, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c7 := \'0\';
ELSE
c7 := CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
c := SUBSTRB(Temp, 8, 1);
IF c = \'0\' THEN
c8 := \'0\';
ELSE
c8 := CHR(106 - ASCII(c));
END IF;
Result := c1 || c2 || c3 || c4 || c5 || c6 || c7 || c8 ;
RETURN Result;
END EncryptPassword;
/*?ú?????ú??*/
FUNCTION GetRandNum RETURN NUMBER
IS
ResultNumber NUMBER(6);
BEGIN
ResultNumber := CEIL(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE() * 1000000);
IF ResultNumber < 100000 THEN
ResultNumber := ResultNumber + 100000;
END IF;
RETURN ResultNumber;
END GetRandNum;
-- ???????¨??
FUNCTION EncryptAuth(
iAuthCode IN VARCHAR2, iHdCode IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
AuthCode2 VARCHAR2(6);
SoundChar VARCHAR2(32);
TransChar VARCHAR2(32);
BEGIN
AuthCode2 := EBS_TRADE.EncryptPassword6(iAuthCode);
SoundChar := SOUNDEX(iHdcode);
TransChar := TRANSLATE(iHdcode, \'0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\',
\'0123456789\');
RETURN SoundChar || substr(iHdCode, 1, 3) || AuthCode2|| TransChar;
END EncryptAuth;
END;