1、首先要检查服务器环境是否符合安装需求：
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
df -h /tmp
df -h /dev/shm
free -g
uname -m
Swap空间要求：Between 1 GB and 2 GB: 1.5 times the size of the RAM ；Between 2 GB and 16 GB: Equal to the size of the RAM ；More than 16 GB: 16 GB。
Note: If you enable HugePages for your Linux servers,
then you should deduct the memory allocated to
HugePages from the available RAM before calculating
swap space.
/tmp空间要求大于1G。
2、安装依赖的包：
yum install -y bc binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libXrender libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc libnsl librdmacm libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libibverbs make smartmontools sysstat
3、创建用户组和用户并配置环境变量：
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmdba
groupadd backupdba
groupadd dgdba
groupadd kmdba
groupadd racdba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper -m oracle
[root@FreeLab ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@FreeLab ~~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/orcldb/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/orcldb/oracle/product/19.3.0
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=sqlauditdb
export ORACLE_SID=sqlaudit
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
[root@host-173-16-87-178 ~]#
4、添加主机和IP映射：
[root@FreeLab ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
FreeLab 192.168.17.135
5、配置系统内核参数：
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1200000000
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
添加到/etc/sysctl.conf中，然后执行sysctl -p生效
6、修改用户限制文件：
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
修改/etc/pam.d/login文件，添加：
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
7、创建安装目录：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle: /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle: /u01/app/oracle
su - oracle
mkdir ora_pack
unzip 安装包.zip -d ora_pack
解压一定要解压到ORACLE_HOME下，否则汇报以上错误。
unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
会把包解压展开在指定目录：
[root@FreeLab ora_pack]# ls
addnode crs dbjava dmu hs jdbc md olap ords plsql rdbms runInstaller sqlj ucp
apex css dbs drdaas install jdk mgw OPatch oss precomp relnotes schagent.conf sqlpatch usm
assistants ctx deinstall dv instantclient jlib network opmn oui QOpatch root.sh sdk sqlplus utl
bin cv demo env.ora inventory ldap nls oracore owm R root.sh.old slax srvm wwg
clone data diagnostics has javavm lib odbc ord perl racg root.sh.old.1 sqldeveloper suptools xdk
[root@FreeLab ora_pack]# pwd
/tmp/ora_pack
8、关闭SELINUX和防火墙：
[root@FreeLab ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config ---设置SELINUX为disabled
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
... ...
systemctl status firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl status firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@FreeLab ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor>
Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-09-27 05:24:18 PDT; 52min ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 943 (firewalld)
Tasks: 2 (limit: 4853)
Memory: 17.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─943 /usr/libexec/platform-python -s /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork>
Sep 27 05:24:15 FreeLab systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall dae>
Sep 27 05:24:18 FreeLab systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daem>
Sep 27 05:24:18 FreeLab firewalld[943]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled>
[root@FreeLab ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@FreeLab ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor>
Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2020-09-27 06:16:54 PDT; 3s ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Process: 943 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS>
Main PID: 943 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Sep 27 05:24:15 FreeLab systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall dae>
Sep 27 05:24:18 FreeLab systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daem>
Sep 27 05:24:18 FreeLab firewalld[943]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled>
Sep 27 06:16:53 FreeLab systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall dae>
Sep 27 06:16:54 FreeLab systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daem>
[root@FreeLab ~]# systemctl disabled firewalld
Unknown operation disabled.
[root@FreeLab ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
9、修改用户环境变量：
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=FreeLab
export ORACLE_SID=musicdb
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
10、文件赋权：
用root 执行：chmod 755 /bin/systemctl
否则安装过程中会报如下错误：
INFO: [Mar 7, 2020 11:41:04 AM] ERROR: [Result.addErrorDescription:771] PRVG-2043 : Command "/bin/systemctl get-default" failed on node "zbglxtdb" and produced th
e following output:
sh: /bin/systemctl: Permission denied
7、配置响应文件：
进入到安装包所在的路径：
cd /tmp/ora_pack/install/response
[oracle@FreeLab response]$ ls
db_install.rsp
[oracle@FreeLab response]$ cp db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.bak
在文件后面追加内容：
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
8、开始静默安装：
[oracle@FreeLab 19.3.0]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/install/response/db_install.rsp
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...
[WARNING] [INS-32047] The location (/u01/app/oraInventory) specified for the central inventory is not empty.
ACTION: It is recommended to provide an empty location for the inventory.
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment does not meet some optional requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. installActions2020-09-27_08-02-44AM.log
ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: installActions2020-09-27_08-02-44AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
The response file for this session can be found at:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/install/response/db_2020-09-27_08-02-44AM.rsp
You can find the log of this install session at:
/tmp/InstallActions2020-09-27_08-02-44AM/installActions2020-09-27_08-02-44AM.log
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/root.sh
Execute /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh on the following nodes:
[FreeLab]
Execute /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/root.sh on the following nodes:
[FreeLab]
Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).
Moved the install session logs to:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2020-09-27_08-02-44AM
按照要求用root用户执行两个脚本：
[root@FreeLab /]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@FreeLab /]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/install/root_FreeLab_2020-09-27_08-08-24-542778136.log for the output of root script
[root@FreeLab /]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/install/root_FreeLab_2020-09-27_08-08-24-542778136.log
Performing root user operation.
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) is available at : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/bin/tfactl
静默配置监听：
使用默认模板即可：
[oracle@FreeLab ~]$ netca -silent -responsefile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
查看监听是否已经正常启动：
[oracle@FreeLab ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 27-SEP-2020 08:16:32
Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=FreeLab)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 27-SEP-2020 08:15:31
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 6 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/FreeLab/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=FreeLab.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
静默创建数据库：
[oracle@FreeLab ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/assistants/dbca/
cp dbca.rsp dbca.rsp.bak
将以下内容追加到dbca.rsp中：
gdbName=musicdb
sid=musicdb
databaseConfigType=SI
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=“jackson”
systemPassword=“jackson”
emConfiguration=DBEXPRESS
dbsnmpPassword=“password”
datafileDestination=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
characterSet=AL32UTF8
totalMemory=2048
开始创建：
[oracle@FreeLab dbca]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp
[WARNING] [DBT-11207] Specified SGA size is greater than the shmmax on the system. The database creation might fail with "ORA-27125 - Unable to create shared memory segment error".
ACTION: Specify SGA size lesser than or equal to the shmmax on the system.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
Prepare for db operation
10% complete
Copying database files
40% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
42% complete
46% complete
50% complete
54% complete
60% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/musicdb.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:musicdb
System Identifier(SID):musicdb
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/musicdb/musicdb.log" for further details.
SGA相关的 [DBT-11207]报错可以忽略，很多场景会出现此报错，但是安装成功，出现此类报错后，可在安装完成后看一下是否可以正常连接数据库即可。最保险的方法就是设置的跟 shmmax相同。
验证安装是否成功：
[oracle@FreeLab dbca]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Sep 27 08:36:04 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> show parameter sga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
allow_group_access_to_sga boolean FALSE
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean TRUE
sga_max_size big integer 1536M
sga_min_size big integer 0
sga_target big integer 1536M
unified_audit_sga_queue_size integer 1048576
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name string
cell_offloadgroup_name string
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string musicdb
db_unique_name string musicdb
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string musicdb
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
pdb_file_name_convert string
processor_group_name string
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names string musicdb
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
[oracle@FreeLab dbca]$ ps -ef|grep smon
oracle 63018 1 0 08:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_musicdb
oracle 64383 53789 0 08:37 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto smon
PS:响应文件模板存放的位置:
软件/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/install/response/db_install.rsp
监听/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
建库/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp