案例：
线上有一数据库,需要每周全备一次，每天差备一次[安全起见还是差备吧，不要增备，不要吝啬磁盘哦，而且差备恢复还很快]
1、每周对数据库hellodb做完全备份
crontab任务计划：
10 01 * * 1 /bin/bash /work/dump-complete-hello.sh ===>每周周一凌晨1点10分执行全备脚本/work/dump-complete-hello.sh
全备脚本/work/dump-complete-hello.sh内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
# 全备文件存放位置
weekbackup=/complete/hello-`date +%F`.sql
# 用mysqldump执行全备
# --database后跟要备的数据库
# --master-data记录CHANGE MASTER TO语句,2表示把这一行注释
# --flush-logs锁定表之后执行flush logs命令,切换binlog文件
# --single-transaction：单个事物，由于数据库hellodb里面的表都是innodb存储引擎，支持事物，可以保证备份时数据处于一致状态
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --database hellodb --master-data=2 --flush-logs --single-transaction > $weekbackup
# 后边的语句是为了创建一个存放全备文件存放位置的语句，增量备份时需要用到
cat > weekbackup.sh << EOF
#!/bin/bash
EOF
echo "wb=$weekbackup" >> weekbackup.sh
2、每日对数据库hellodb做差异备份：
crontab 任务计划：
20 02 * * * /bin/bash /work/dump-incre.sh ==>每天凌晨2点20分执行差备脚本/work/dump-incre.sh
差备脚本/work/dump-incre.sh内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
# source 一下/work/weekbackup.sh,该脚本是由最近一次全备脚本产生的，提供全备文件存放位置
. /work/weekbackup.sh
# 获取当前数据库使用的二进制文件
binlog=`/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -e 'show master status' | grep 'bin' | awk '{print $1}'`
# 从最近一次全备文件中获取全备终止time
time=grep 'completed' $wb | awk '{printf "%s %s\n",$5,$6}' # 通过mysqlbinlog对数据库hellodb进行差异备份
# --start-position 指明增量备份的起始position，其值为全备的终止position
# /var/log/mysql/binarylog/$binlog 为当前数据库正在使用的二进制日志文件
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="$time" /var/log/mysql/binarylog/$binlog > /increment/incre-`date +%F%H%M%S`.sql
3、恢复测试：
全备恢复：
[root@localhost data]# mysql < /complete/hello-2015-01-13.sql
[root@localhost data]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.36-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| newdb |
| performance_schema |
| tempdb |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
Database changed
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
差备恢复：
[root@localhost data]# mysql < /increment/incre-2015-01-13.sql
[root@localhost data]# mysqll
-bash: mysqll: command not found
[root@localhost data]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.36-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
Database changed
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| tb1 |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from tb1;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| wjs |
+------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
从上面的结果可知全备和差异备份都可恢复，那就可以投入正常使用了，可以交差了 ，哈哈