相信很多人第一次见到这个__all__都很好奇，他有什么作用
那他到底有什么作用呢？
先上代码
from scrapy.utils.reqser import request_to_dict, request_from_dict
from . import picklecompat
class Base(object):
"""Per-spider queue/stack base class"""
def __init__(self, server, spider, key, serializer=None):
"""Initialize per-spider redis queue.
Parameters:
server -- redis connection
spider -- spider instance
key -- key for this queue (e.g. "%(spider)s:queue")
"""
if serializer is None:
# Backward compatibility.
# TODO: deprecate pickle.
serializer = picklecompat
if not hasattr(serializer, 'loads'):
raise TypeError("serializer does not implement 'loads' function: %r"
% serializer)
if not hasattr(serializer, 'dumps'):
raise TypeError("serializer '%s' does not implement 'dumps' function: %r"
% serializer)
self.server = server
self.spider = spider
self.key = key % {'spider': spider.name}
self.serializer = serializer
def _encode_request(self, request):
"""Encode a request object"""
obj = request_to_dict(request, self.spider)
return self.serializer.dumps(obj)
def _decode_request(self, encoded_request):
"""Decode an request previously encoded"""
obj = self.serializer.loads(encoded_request)
return request_from_dict(obj, self.spider)
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
raise NotImplementedError
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
raise NotImplementedError
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
raise NotImplementedError
def clear(self):
"""Clear queue/stack"""
self.server.delete(self.key)
class SpiderQueue(Base):
"""Per-spider FIFO queue"""
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
return self.server.llen(self.key)
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
self.server.lpush(self.key, self._encode_request(request))
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
if timeout > 0:
data = self.server.brpop(self.key, timeout)
if isinstance(data, tuple):
data = data[1]
else:
data = self.server.rpop(self.key)
if data:
return self._decode_request(data)
class SpiderPriorityQueue(Base):
"""Per-spider priority queue abstraction using redis' sorted set"""
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
return self.server.zcard(self.key)
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
data = self._encode_request(request)
score = -request.priority
# We don't use zadd method as the order of arguments change depending on
# whether the class is Redis or StrictRedis, and the option of using
# kwargs only accepts strings, not bytes.
self.server.execute_command('ZADD', self.key, score, data)
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""
Pop a request
timeout not support in this queue class
"""
# use atomic range/remove using multi/exec
pipe = self.server.pipeline()
pipe.multi()
pipe.zrange(self.key, 0, 0).zremrangebyrank(self.key, 0, 0)
results, count = pipe.execute()
if results:
return self._decode_request(results[0])
class SpiderStack(Base):
"""Per-spider stack"""
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the stack"""
return self.server.llen(self.key)
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
self.server.lpush(self.key, self._encode_request(request))
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
if timeout > 0:
data = self.server.blpop(self.key, timeout)
if isinstance(data, tuple):
data = data[1]
else:
data = self.server.lpop(self.key)
if data:
return self._decode_request(data)
__all__ = ['SpiderQueue', 'SpiderPriorityQueue', 'SpiderStack']
上述代码来自scrapy-redis组件的Queue 模块，代码中出现了三个类，SpiderQueue, SpiderPriorityQueue, SpiderStack，模块结尾用了 all = ['SpiderQueue','SpiderPriorityQueue', 'SpiderStack']
这里的意思是：当其他地方 使用from <module> import *导入时，此模块的SpiderQueue, SpiderPriorityQueue, SpiderStack就能用了。
这里需要注意的是：__all__ = 后面是一个list，类名用字符串表示