系统环境：CentOS 7
slapd版本：2.4.44
简介
OpenLDAP是一款轻量级目录访问协议，基于X.500标准的，支持TCP/IP协议，用于实现账号集中管理的开源软件，提供一整套安全的账号统一管理机制,属于C/S架构。
OpenLDAP默认以Berkeley DB作为后端数据库，Berkeley DB数据库 是一类特殊的数据库，主要以散列的数据类型进行数据存储，主要用于搜索、浏览、更新查询操作，对于一次写入数据、多次查询和搜索有很好的效果。
整体目标
后端服务器数量日益增加，账号的数量也在不断增加，账号的统一管理变得尤为重要。结合堡垒机，主要针对服务器账号体系接入LDAP管理做如下主要工作：
ldap server主从的搭建，ldap主从考虑用同步复制（syncrepl）实现，大致为slave到master以拉的模式同步目录树，master负责读写，slave只读。另外主从都需接入负载均衡提供读服务；
服务器账号接入ldap，客户端可以ssh远程连接服务器用户名和密码登录；
ldap管理客户端的公钥，使客户端可以ssh服务器免密码登录；
ldap管理服务器用户的sudo权限
OpenLDAP 目录架构
分为两种：互联网命名组织架构、企业级命名组织架构
企业级命名组织架构
ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
openldap相关缩写:
LDAP相关的缩写如下：
dn - distinguished name（区别名，主键）
o - organization（组织-公司）
ou - organization unit（组织单元-部门）
c - countryName（国家）
dc - domainComponent（域名）
sn - sure name（真实名称）
cn - common name（常用名称）
openldap组件:
OpenLDAP各组件的功能简介：
slapd：主LDAP服务器
slurpd：负责与复制LDAP服务器保持同步的服务器
对网络上的目录进行操作的客户机程序。下面这两个程序是一对儿：
ldapadd：打开一个到LDAP服务器的连接，绑定、修改或增加条目
ldapsearch：打开一个到LDAP服务器的连接，绑定并使用指定的参数进行搜索
对本地系统上的数据库进行操作的几个程序：
slapadd：将以LDAP目录交换格式（LDIF）指定的条目添加到LDAP数据库中
slapcat：打开LDAP数据库，并将对应的条目输出为LDIF格式.
安装服务端
yum -y install openldap openldap-servers openldap-clients openldap-devel compat-openldap
cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/
chown -R ldap.ldap /var/lib/ldap/
systemctl start slapd
vi /etc/openldap/ldap.conf
BASE dc=xxyd,dc=com
URI ldap://ldap.xxyd.com
slappasswd
cat /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
include /etc/openldap/schema/corba.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/duaconf.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/dyngroup.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/java.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/misc.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/openldap.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/ppolicy.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/collective.schema
allow bind_v2
pidfile /var/run/openldap/slapd.pid
argsfile /var/run/openldap/slapd.args
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
moduleload ppolicy.la
TLSCACertificatePath /etc/openldap/certs
TLSCertificateFile "\"OpenLDAP Server\""
TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/certs/password
access to attrs=shadowLastChange,userPassword
by self write
by * auth
access to *
by * read
database config
access to *
by dn.exact="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" manage
by * none
database monitor
access to *
by dn.exact="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" read
by dn.exact="cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" read
by * none
database hdb
suffix "dc=xxyd,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
rootpw {SSHA}M7S4/DHYIOGx7PsQJFU6kyh00YRCyjhn
directory /var/lib/ldap
index objectClass eq,pres
index ou,cn,mail,surname,givenname eq,pres,sub
index uidNumber,gidNumber,loginShell eq,pres
index uid,memberUid eq,pres,sub
index nisMapName,nisMapEntry eq,pres,sub
loglevel 4095
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d
chown -R ldap.ldap /var/lib/ldap/
systemctl restart slapd
systemctl status slapd
# 开机启动
systemctl enable slapd
TLSCACertificatePath /etc/openldap/certs
TLSCertificateFile "\"OpenLDAP Server\""
TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/certs/password 这三句如果出现启动不了可以干掉
安装客户端
Ubuntu client
apt-get install libpam-ldap nscd
##### The following extra packages will be installed:
##### auth-client-config ldap-auth-client ldap-auth-config libnss-ldap
安装后仍然要填写一些信息
LDAP server Uniform Resource Identifier
因为我用的同一台机器，所以我填的是 ldap://127.0.0.1:389，端口号选填
特别注意把它默认的ldapi:///换成ldap://
Distinguished name of the search base
就是你目录树的根，比如我的是 dc=chenjr,dc=cc
LDAP version to use: 3
Make local root Database admin: Yes
Does the LDAP database require login? No
LDAP account for root:
这个是装LDAP服务器时的创建的那个admin账号
我这里是 cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com
LDAP root account password
# If you make a mistake and need to change a value, you can go through the menu again by issuing this command:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure ldap-auth-config
还需要编辑一些文件，首先是/etc/nsswitch.conf，它使得我们在linux下改变用户密码等属性的时候会反映到LDAP中。在以下三行中的compat前面都加上ldap。
passwd: ldap compat
group: ldap compat
shadow: ldap compat
以上方式，ldap server不可用时，系统将不能登录，需改成：
passwd: files [UNAVAIL=return] ldap
group: files [UNAVAIL=return] ldap
shadow: files [UNAVAIL=return] ldap
这样，ldap client本地用户不需要ldapserver验证，即使ldap server宕机也不影响本地用户登录系统。
然后需要更改PAM的配置，编辑/etc/pam.d/common-session，在末尾加上一行，这使得用户第一次登录的时候创建主目录
session required pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/etc/skel umask=0022
然后，编辑/etc/pam.d/common-password，将以下这行中的use_authtok删掉，这是避免使用passwd命令时报错而无法更改密码
password [success=1 user_unknown=ignore default=die] pam_ldap.so use_authtok try_first_pass
然后重启nscd服务
sudo /etc/init.d/nscd restart
CentOS client
yum -y install nss-pam-ldapd
vim /etc/nslcd.conf
uri ldap://ldap.xxyd.com
base dc=xxyd,dc=com
ssl no
tls_cacertdir /etc/openldap/cacerts
vim /etc/pam_ldap.conf
base dc=xxyd,dc=com
uri ldap://ldap.xxyd.com
ssl no
tls_cacertdir /etc/openldap/cacerts
pam_password md5
vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth
auth sufficient pam_ldap.so try_first_pass
account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_ldap.so
password sufficient pam_ldap.so use_authtok
session optional pam_ldap.so
vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files ldap
shadow: files ldap
group: files ldap
vi /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
USELDAPAUTH=yes
USELDAP=yes
systemctl restart nslcd
切换用户:/bash-4.2$
需：
vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth 添加
session required pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/etc/skel/ umask=0022
OpenLDAP用户以及用户组的添加
两种方式：
一、通过migrationtools工具导入
二、自定义LDIF文件导入
通过migrationtools工具导入
migrationtools开源工具通过查找/etc/passwd、/etc/shadow、/etc/groups生成LDIF文件，并通过ldapadd命令更新数据库数据，完成用户添加。
此方式方便导入系统目前已存在的用户以及用户组
# 安装migrationtools工具
yum -y install migrationtools
vi /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph
$DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "xxyd.com";
$DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=xxyd,dc=com";
$EXTENDED_SCHEMA = 1;
# 通过migrationtools工具生成LDIF模板文件并生成系统用户及组LDIF
cd ~
/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_base.pl > base.ldif
/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl /etc/passwd > passwd.ldif
/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_group.pl /etc/group > group.ldif
### sed -i 's/padl/xxyd/g' *.ldif
删除不必要的base.ldif信息（此处我只保留ou=Group、ou=Peopl相关项）
删除不需要的用户信息（group.ldif、passwd.ldif）
导入至OpenLDAP目录树中
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f ~/base.ldif
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f ~/passwd.ldif
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f ~/group.ldif
自定义LDIF导入
自定义用户属性信息导入OpenLDAP。
OpenLDAP加密传输
默认情况下，OpenLDAP服务端与客户端之间使用明文进行验证、查询等一系列操作，由于在互联网上进行传输存在不安全因素，需要提供OpenLDAP服务端证书以及修改配置文件来支持加密传输
强烈建议在制作证书过程使用泛域名，这样满足多IDC机房的时候使用同一个证书进行部署。比如：证书匹配 *.domain.com，每个IDC使用各自的域名
idc1.domain.com
idc2.domain.com
idc3.domain.com
部署过程只需要一个证书即可满足所有IDC的需求，方便快捷。
客户端还可以配两个服务端地址，第一个服务端不可用自动连接第二个服务端。
自建CA
# 安装OpenSSL软件
yum -y install openssl-devel
# CA中心生成自身私钥
# 为保证CA机构私钥的安全，需要把私钥文件权限设置为600
cd /etc/pki/CA
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
# CA签发自身公钥
openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:GD
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:xxyd.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:YW
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ldap.xxyd.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
touch serial index.txt
echo "01" > serial
# 查看根证书信息
openssl x509 -noout -text -in /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
OpenLDAP与CA集成
生成OpenLDAP服务端证书以及修改配置文件来支持SSL、TLS方式会话加密
# OpenLDAP服务端生成秘钥
mkdir /etc/openldap/ssl
cd /etc/openldap/ssl
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out ldapkey.pem 1024)
# OpenLDAP服务端向CA申请证书签署请求
openssl req -new -key ldapkey.pem -out ldap.csr -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:GD
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:xxyd.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:YW
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ldap.xxyd.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
# CA核实并签发证书
openssl ca -in ldap.csr -out ldapcert.pem -days 3650
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Apr 25 08:18:45 2018 GMT
Not After : Apr 22 08:18:45 2028 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = GD
organizationName = xxyd.com
organizationalUnitName = YW
commonName = ldap.xxyd.com
emailAddress = [email protected]
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
C9:0D:16:5C:91:04:27:E9:96:F4:60:6A:B9:ED:70:16:08:0A:96:32
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:CC:5A:C4:57:70:52:C0:67:D3:F3:BF:A6:3B:01:31:3C:7F:8D:07:66
Certificate is to be certified until Apr 22 08:18:45 2028 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
OpenLDAP TLS/SASL部署
cp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/openldap/ssl/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/ssl/*
chmod -R 0400 /etc/openldap/ssl/*
vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
# TLSCACertificatePath /etc/openldap/certs
# TLSCertificateFile "\"OpenLDAP Server\""
# TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/certs/password
TLSCACertificateFile /etc/openldap/ssl/cacert.pem
TLSCertificateFile /etc/openldap/ssl/ldapcert.pem
TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/ssl/ldapkey.pem
TLSVerifyClient never
vi /etc/sysconfig/slapd
SLAPD_URLS="ldapi:/// ldap:/// ldaps:///"
SLAPD_LDAP=yes
SLAPD_LDAPI=yes
SLAPD_LDAPS=yes
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -u
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
ss -lnp |grep 636
# 通过CA证书公钥验证OpenLDAP服务端证书的合法性
# openssl verify -CAfile /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/openldap/ssl/ldapcert.pem
/etc/openldap/ssl/ldapcert.pem: OK
# 确认当前套接字是否能通过CA的验证
# openssl s_client -connect ldap.xxyd.com:636 -showcerts -state -CAfile /etc/openldap/ssl/cacert.pem
CONNECTED(00000003)
SSL_connect:before/connect initialization
SSL_connect:SSLv2/v3 write client hello A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server hello A
depth=1 C = CN, ST = GD, L = SZ, O = xxyd.com, OU = YW, CN = ldap.xxyd.com, emailAddress = [email protected]
verify return:1
depth=0 C = CN, ST = GD, O = xxyd.com, OU = YW, CN = ldap.xxyd.com, emailAddress = [email protected]
verify return:1
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server key exchange A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server done A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client key exchange A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write change cipher spec A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write finished A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 flush data
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read finished A
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=CN/ST=GD/O=xxyd.com/OU=YW/CN=ldap.xxyd.com/[email protected]
i:/C=CN/ST=GD/L=SZ/O=xxyd.com/OU=YW/CN=ldap.xxyd.com/[email protected]
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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0aicAF7zNnep7fAFTx6t6SJgD1Yio+uwE6xpLiDq9XT8bHmqmS4RK96eB/Il1ZT9
I0gk/7nOm9qU9tfjgvQVfL/tr1/L+gu9Q86tFUrgrR6aHI9U0VTtOug6j0/kMu5Y
xo4H6O5/blmV9lmRI65/FDJlaQCJHsWK6fJzBiqh2OtszVgInDEum/L3GVN+oL+L
SLLqWqvCv8QDkmvEpe7ht0/tb9C2foED1+lI+H9zQKM3lUI2Bp4SRp4nwpIyvnGc
uq/+EzijIeW+WagPMeNtH+9h20kmvbzCog+YGWXQOkozhXCuHCgzn6+qtPYaLuZT
WHlPkKA=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
1 s:/C=CN/ST=GD/L=SZ/O=xxyd.com/OU=YW/CN=ldap.xxyd.com/[email protected]
i:/C=CN/ST=GD/L=SZ/O=xxyd.com/OU=YW/CN=ldap.xxyd.com/[email protected]
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDzzCCAregAwIBAgIJAJA1elZ+21+rMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMH4xCzAJBgNV
BAYTAkNOMQswCQYDVQQIDAJHRDELMAkGA1UEBwwCU1oxEDAOBgNVBAoMB25uay5j
b20xCzAJBgNVBAsMAllXMRUwEwYDVQQDDAxsZGFwLm5uay5jb20xHzAdBgkqhkiG
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pfqceQ6UPpvjNZC8bQOqc1j57kXGCK6Na1k70cP7Tpdtp1ZA0kBe43aUi7quwsYP
b0boBwAmBFZ7C958Pgmv58r+GGTidd1RMJR111FT8hceC4WiMTrMTxCj1EFWm2c4
wv0uZIg0awGy8TS3nfSNb9t7YiFQYjlV/xUOBzobZZRl0e8FdQ7mO7qogoOmR8r/
2P5SJk6FjH0ENKb9igwlMDnlm1E78ZUjLbfvAfyPLSUE3kYoIFa9Xa0dyVV46IuW
u3tdbPBah5v6z3FkcbAldZHeGw==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/C=CN/ST=GD/O=xxyd.com/OU=YW/CN=ldap.xxyd.com/[email protected]
issuer=/C=CN/ST=GD/L=SZ/O=xxyd.com/OU=YW/CN=ldap.xxyd.com/[email protected]
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA256
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 2213 bytes and written 415 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 1024 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 55054DE6A2BDA0AB00F94966542DF551E357F9B3F07B5B6F1DD3567D0CBEE311
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 1E1248619CC913A090967862C855CD9F43299DFE60A52D8BFBB515A8C6C01A74DD2E2E939C97B5414C1DA0A05FC16D2A
Key-Arg : None
Krb5 Principal: None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
Start Time: 1524647608
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
# OpenLDAP从服务器部署
拷贝 cacert.pem ldapcert.pem ldapkey.pem至/etc/openldap/ssl/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/ssl/*
chmod -R 0400 /etc/openldap/ssl/*
vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
# TLSCACertificatePath /etc/openldap/certs
# TLSCertificateFile "\"OpenLDAP Server\""
# TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/certs/password
TLSCACertificateFile /etc/openldap/ssl/cacert.pem
TLSCertificateFile /etc/openldap/ssl/ldapcert.pem
TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/ssl/ldapkey.pem
TLSVerifyClient never
vi /etc/sysconfig/slapd
SLAPD_URLS="ldapi:/// ldap:/// ldaps:///"
SLAPD_LDAP=yes
SLAPD_LDAPI=yes
SLAPD_LDAPS=yes
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -u
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
ss -lnp |grep 636
客户端部署
剥离基础组件故障对于平台的影响
非常幸运OpenLDAP的客户端配置文件中支持 nss_initgroups_ignoreusers 的配置。也就是说可以将角色用户（ root、service、oracle、read_only等）忽略掉，不需要进行OpenLDAP请求，而直接在本地进行权限认证即可。个人账号及权限在OpenLDAP中维护，而角色账号是在服务器passwd&shadow中维护的。
Ubuntu客户端
# rsync -azP ldap.xxyd.com:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/ldap/ssl/
# vi /etc/ldap.conf
base dc=xxyd,dc=com
uri ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com
#ssl start_tls
#ssl no
ssl on
## nss_initgroups_ignoreusers set ignore local user
nss_initgroups_ignoreusers root,daemon,bin,sys,sync,mail,nobody,syslog,sshd
# vi /etc/ldap/ldap.conf
BASE dc=xxyd,dc=com
URI ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com
TLS_CACERT /etc/ldap/ssl/cacert.pem
#TLS_CACERT /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
/etc/init.d/nscd restart
CentOS客户端
rsync -azP ldap.xxyd.com:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/openldap/cacerts/
vi /etc/openldap/ldap.conf
URI ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com/
## nss_initgroups_ignoreusers set ignore local user
nss_initgroups_ignoreusers root,daemon,bin,operator,sync,mail,nobody,adm,sshd
vi /etc/pam_ldap.conf
# ssl start_tls
# ssl no
uri ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com/
ssl on
vi /etc/nslcd.conf
# ssl no
uri ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com/
ssl on
tls_cacertfile /etc/openldap/cacerts/cacert.pem
service nslcd restart
# 通过客户端测试SSL连接是否正常
# yum -y install openldap-clients
# ldapwhoami -v -x -Z
ldap_initialize( <DEFAULT> )
ldap_start_tls: Operations error (1)
additional info: TLS already started
anonymous
Result: Success (0)
# LAP用户验证密码
# ldapwhoami -D "uid=test01,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -H ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com -v
ldap_initialize( ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com:636/??base )
Enter LDAP Password:
dn:uid=test01,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
Result: Success (0)
# 通过getent在客户端执行，查看能否获取账号信息
# getent passwd test01
test01:x:1001:1001:test01:/home/test01:/bin/bash
sudo权限控制
cp /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.6p7/schema.OpenLDAP /etc/openldap/schema/sudo.schema
vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
include /etc/openldap/schema/sudo.schema
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -u
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
# 根据实际需求添加sudo项
# cat ~/sudoers.ldif
dn: ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: sudoers
dn: cn=defaults,ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: sudoRole
cn: defaults
description: Default sudoOption's go here
sudoOption: requiretty
sudoOption: !visiblepw
sudoOption: always_set_home
sudoOption: env_reset
sudoOption: env_keep = "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS"
sudoOption: env_keep += "MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE"
sudoOption: env_keep += "LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES"
sudoOption: env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE"
sudoOption: env_keep += "LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY"
sudoOption: secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
sudoOrder: 1
dn: cn=%apps,ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: sudoRole
cn: %apps
sudoUser: %apps
sudoHost: ALL
sudoRunAsUser: %apps
sudoCommand: /bin/kill
sudoCommand: /usr/bin/nohup
sudoCommand: /usr/bin/vi
sudoCommand: /bin/cp
sudoCommand: /bin/mv
sudoCommand: /bin/ln
sudoCommand: /bin/mkdir
sudoOption: !authenticate
sudoOrder: 2
dn: cn=%www-data,ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: sudoRole
cn: %www-data
sudoUser: %www-data
sudoHost: ALL
sudoRunAsUser: %www-data
sudoCommand: /bin/kill
sudoCommand: /usr/bin/nohup
sudoCommand: /usr/bin/vi
sudoCommand: /bin/cp
sudoCommand: /bin/mv
sudoCommand: /bin/ln
sudoCommand: /bin/mkdir
sudoCommand: /usr/bin/rsync
sudoOption: !authenticate
sudoOrder: 3
# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f ~/sudoers.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
adding new entry "cn=defaults,ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
adding new entry "cn=%apps,ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
adding new entry "cn=%www-data,ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
## 为test01用户添加附加组
# cat add_apps.ldif
dn: cn=apps,ou=Group,dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: posixGroup
objectClass: top
cn: apps
userPassword: {crypt}x
gidNumber: 1500
memberUid: test01
dn: uid=apps,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
uid: apps
cn: apps
objectClass: account
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
objectClass: shadowAccount
shadowMax: 99999
shadowWarning: 7
loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1500
gidNumber: 1500
homeDirectory: /home/apps
# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f add_apps.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "cn=apps,ou=Group,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
adding new entry "uid=apps,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
客户端
centos 客户端
authconfig --enableldap --enableldapauth --enablemkhomedir --enableforcelegacy --disablesssd --disablesssdauth --disableldaptls --enablelocauthorize --ldapserver=ldap.xxyd.com --ldapbasedn="dc=xxyd,dc=com" --enableshadow --update
vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
sudoers: ldap files
vi /etc/sudo-ldap.conf
uri ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com/
base dc=xxyd,dc=com
SUDOERS_BASE ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com
vi /etc/pam_ldap.conf
uri ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com/
service nslcd restart
Ubuntu客户端
# export SUDO_FORCE_REMOVE=yes
# apt-get install sudo-ldap
# ls -lh /etc/sudo-ldap.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Apr 28 01:22 /etc/sudo-ldap.conf -> ldap/ldap.conf
# vi /etc/ldap/ldap.conf
SUDOERS_BASE ou=sudoers,dc=xxyd,dc=com
# echo "sudoers: ldap files" >> /etc/nsswitch.conf
# service nscd restart
# 测试
# su - test01
$ sudo -l
匹配此主机上 test01 的默认条目：
requiretty, !visiblepw, always_set_home, env_reset, env_keep = "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS",
env_keep += "MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE", env_keep += "LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT
LC_MESSAGES", env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE", env_keep += "LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS
_XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY", secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin, !visiblepw, always_set_home, env_reset, env_keep="COLORS
DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS", env_keep+="MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE",
env_keep+="LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES", env_keep+="LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER
LC_TELEPHONE", env_keep+="LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY", secure_path=/sbin\:/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin
用户 test01 可以在该主机上运行以下命令：
(%apps) NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /usr/bin/nohup, /usr/bin/vi, /bin/cp, /bin/mv, /bin/ln, /bin/mkdir
#备注：Ubuntu和CentOS命令路径部分有区别，如vi
密码策略
vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
include /etc/openldap/schema/ppolicy.schema
moduleload ppolicy.la
overlay ppolicy
#密码加密算法，不加这一行密码将明文显示
password-hash {SSHA}
#Add和Modify中传递的密码明文保存数据库中必须进行Hash加密
ppolicy_hash_cleartext
ppolicy_use_lockout
#默认密码控制策略
ppolicy_default "cn=default,ou=policies,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
config file testing succeeded
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
#参考/root/openldap-2.4.44/servers/slapd/schema/ppolicy.ldif
#定义默认密码策略
# cat policy.ldif
dn: ou=policies, dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: Policies
dn: cn=default, ou=policies, dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: pwdPolicy
cn: default
pwdAttribute: userPassword
pwdLockoutDuration: 15
pwdInHistory: 6
pwdCheckQuality: 2
pwdExpireWarning: 1296000
pwdMaxAge: 15552000
pwdMinLength: 8
pwdGraceAuthNLimit: 3
pwdAllowUserChange: TRUE
pwdMustChange: TRUE
pwdMaxFailure: 3
pwdFailureCountInterval: 86400
pwdSafeModify: TRUE
pwdLockout: TRUE
sn: dummy value
#密码策略注解
pwdLockout 是否开启账户锁定功能
pwdMaxFailure 密码最大失败次数，超过后账号被锁定
pwdLockoutDuration 帐户保持锁定的时间（秒为单位），默认为0表示无法访问账户
pwdInHistory 历史密码维护列表中密码的数量
pwdCheckQuality 检查密码质量，0不检查，1、2检查
pwdExpireWarning 密码过期提醒，单位秒
pwdMaxAge 密码有效期，单位秒
pwdMinLength 密码最小长度
pwdGraceAuthNLimit 密码过期后宽限期
pwdAllowUserChange 是否允许用户更改自己的密码
pwdLockout 超过pwdMaxFailure定义的无效密码尝试次数时是否锁定账户
pwdMustChange 用户在帐户锁定后由管理员重置帐户后是否必须更改密码
pwdMaxFailure 允许的最大连续失败密码尝试次数
pwdFailureCountInterval 密码失败次数复位时间
pwdSafeModify 用户在密码修改操作期间是否必须发送当前密码
# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f policy.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "ou=policies, dc=xxyd, dc=com"
adding new entry "cn=default, ou=policies, dc=xxyd, dc=com"
# 定义用户遵守指定密码策略
# cat test02.ldif
dn: cn=test02,ou=Group,dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: posixGroup
objectClass: top
cn: test02
userPassword: {crypt}x
gidNumber: 1002
dn: uid=test02,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
uid: test02
cn: test02
objectClass: account
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
objectClass: shadowAccount
userPassword: {crypt}$6$Yu95/zTK$g/nCoExrQwlf80a8Gc0VxMNzkJWa7icUVinFWwEjPBad/KhCNDs81hUVCYA7vV/dJdw7.zSBu2Yz.F0gVJH0a/
shadowLastChange: 17638
shadowMax: 99999
shadowWarning: 7
loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1002
gidNumber: 1002
homeDirectory: /home/test02
pwdPolicySubentry: cn=default,ou=policies,dc=xxyd,dc=com
定义用户登录修改密码
为了增强用户密码安全性，一般需要用户更改初始密码
方式有两种：用户登录后通过passwd命令更改、用户登录系统是提示更改初始密码否则无法登录
推进第二种
为了定义密码控制策略，将pwdReset属性和值添加至用户的属性中，否则不生效
# cat << EOF |ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W
dn: uid=test02,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
changetype: modify
replace: pwdReset
pwdReset: TRUE
EOF
#查看定义用户的策略信息
# pwdReset属于隐藏属性，默认ldapsearch无法获取隐藏属性，通过“+”号可获取查询包含的隐藏属性
# ldapsearch -x -LLL uid=test02 +
dn: uid=test02,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
pwdPolicySubentry: cn=default,ou=policies,dc=xxyd,dc=com
structuralObjectClass: account
entryUUID: 0fc49c74-dd83-1037-8006-65040a056c63
creatorsName: cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com
createTimestamp: 20180426095056Z
pwdChangedTime: 20180426095747Z
pwdHistory: 20180426095747Z#1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.40#105#{crypt}$6$Yu95/z
TK$g/nCoExrQwlf80a8Gc0VxMNzkJWa7icUVinFWwEjPBad/KhCNDs81hUVCYA7vV/dJdw7.zSBu2
Yz.F0gVJH0a/
pwdReset: TRUE
entryCSN: 20180426095747.741644Z#000000#000#000000
modifiersName: uid=test02,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
modifyTimestamp: 20180426095747Z
entryDN: uid=test02,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
subschemaSubentry: cn=Subschema
hasSubordinates: FALSE
客户端配置
CentOS 客户端
vi /etc/pam_ldap.conf
bind_policy soft
pam_password md5
pam_lookup_policy yes
pam_password clear_remove_old
service nslcd restart
# ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
You are required to change your LDAP password immediately.
Creating directory '/home/test02'.
WARNING: Your password has expired.
You must change your password now and login again!
Changing password for user test02.
Enter login(LDAP) password:
New password:
Retype new password:
LDAP password information changed for test02
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Ubuntu 客户端
vi /etc/pam_ldap.conf
bind_policy soft
pam_password md5
pam_lookup_policy yes
pam_password clear_remove_old
service nscd restart
密码审计控制
# cat << EOF | ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:///
dn: cn=module{0},cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcModuleLoad
olcModuleLoad: {1}auditlog
dn: olcOverlay=auditlog,olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: add
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig
objectClass: olcAuditLogConfig
olcOverlay: auditlog
olcAuditlogFile: /var/log/slapd/auditlog.log
EOF
mkdir /var/log/slapd
chown -R ldap.ldap /var/log/slapd
service slapd restart
日志
vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
loglevel 0x80 0x1
logfile /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -u
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
mkdir /var/log/slapd/
chown -R ldap.ldap /var/log/slapd/
# vi /etc/logrotate.d/ldap
/var/log/slapd/slapd.log {
prerotate
/usr/bin/chattr -a /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
endscript
compress
delaycompress
notifempty
rotate 100
size 10M
postrotate
/usr/bin/chattr +a /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
endscript
}
vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
local4.* /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
service rsyslog restart
ssh public key
服务端
yum -y install openssh-ldap
cp /usr/share/doc/openssh-ldap-7.4p1/openssh-lpk-openldap.schema /etc/openldap/schema/
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -u
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
# 添加测试账户
# cat test03.ldif
dn: cn=test03,ou=Group,dc=xxyd,dc=com
objectClass: posixGroup
objectClass: top
cn: test03
userPassword: {crypt}x
gidNumber: 1003
dn: uid=test03,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
uid: test03
cn: test03
objectClass: account
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: ldapPublicKey
userPassword: {crypt}$6$Yu95/zTK$g/nCoExrQwlf80a8Gc0VxMNzkJWa7icUVinFWwEjPBad/KhCNDs81hUVCYA7vV/dJdw7.zSBu2Yz.F0gVJH0a/
shadowLastChange: 17638
shadowMax: 99999
shadowWarning: 7
loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1003
gidNumber: 1003
homeDirectory: /home/test03
pwdPolicySubentry: cn=default,ou=policies,dc=xxyd,dc=com
sshPublicKey: ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAIBZpJc0dfiPsHlfPNEJBUqhCGZX2wGabxklz09ptnriLoCh9AeYj39suHPptTZDAGiOn8JxrdYK4SubEby9WdQ/t2kVE60Bytw+Jyc2YjEhVb1iJinMd1sdck7O3YBDJoCt0WTf7USAQE7e1oH54kDCPQcPozid7AjbrF2mzxnFpQ== rsa-key-20101209
# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f test03.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "cn=test03,ou=Group,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
adding new entry "uid=test03,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
客户端
CentOS client
yum -y install openssh-ldap
# vi /etc/ssh/ldap.conf
URI ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com/
BASE dc=xxyd,dc=com
ssl on
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
AuthorizedKeysCommand /usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-ldap-wrapper
AuthorizedKeysCommandRunAs nobody
# vi /usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-ldap-wrapper
#!/bin/bash
# get configuration from /etc/ldap.conf
for x in $(sed -n 's/^\([a-zA-Z_]*\) \(.*\)$/\1="\2"/p' /etc/ldap.conf); do
eval $x;
done
# local user do not search ldap
USER=$1
for user in `echo $nss_initgroups_ignoreusers|sed 's/,/ /g'`; do
exit ;
done
exec /usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-ldap-helper -s "$1"
# service sshd restart
# grep test03 /var/log/secure
Apr 27 15:15:37 new sshd[31926]: Accepted publickey for test03 from xx.xx.xx.xx port 6658 ssh2
Apr 27 15:15:37 new sshd[31926]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user test03 by (uid=0)
Ubuntu client
# 升级OpenSSH (6.2以上版本)
## 搭建telnet server
# apt-get install openbsd-inetd telnetd
# vi /etc/inetd.conf
telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
# vi /etc/securetty
# Telnet
pts/0
pts/1
pts/2
# 限制telnet登录ip，只允许指定ip段(信任ip段)登录
# vi /etc/hosts.deny
in.telnetd:ALL EXCEPT 192.168.0.0/24
service openbsd-inetd restart
# telnet 登录服务器升级OpenSSh版本
telnet x.x.x.x
cp /etc/init.d/ssh /root/ssh.old
cp -r /etc/ssh /root/
cp /etc/pam.d/sshd /root/
grep sshd /etc/passwd | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $1,$3,$4,$6,$7}' > /root/ssh_user
# 卸载openssh 旧版本，卸载之前必须确认可用telnet登录，以下步骤telnet登录服务器操作
apt-get -y purge openssh-client openssh-server
apt-get -y install zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libpam0g-dev make
## 安装openssh 7.2
wget https://openbsd.hk/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-7.2p2.tar.gz
useradd -u `awk '{print $2}' /root/ssh_user` -g `awk '{print $3}' /root/ssh_user` -d `awk '{print $4}' /root/ssh_user` -s `awk '{print $5}' /root/ssh_user` sshd
tar zxvf openssh-7.2p2.tar.gz
cd openssh-7.2p2/
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh --with-zlib --with-md5-passwords --with-pam --with-tcp-wrappers
make &&make install
# ssh -V
OpenSSH_7.2p2, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012
# cat > /etc/ssh/sshd_config << EOF
Port 22
Protocol 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
IgnoreRhosts yes
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
HostbasedAuthentication no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
UsePAM yes
AuthorizedKeysCommand /etc/ssh/ldap-keys.sh
AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
EOF
# cat > /etc/ssh/ssh_config <<EOF
Host *
SendEnv LANG LC_*
HashKnownHosts yes
#GSSAPIAuthentication yes
#GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no
EOF
### 7.2 不支持GSSAPI参数
/etc/ssh/ssh_config line 4: Unsupported option "gssapiauthentication"
/etc/ssh/ssh_config line 5: Unsupported option "gssapidelegatecredentials"
###
cat > /etc/pam.d/sshd << EOF
@include common-auth
account required pam_nologin.so
@include common-account
@include common-session
session optional pam_motd.so # [1]
session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv # [1]
session required pam_limits.so
session required pam_env.so # [1]
session required pam_env.so user_readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale
@include common-password
EOF
apt-get -y install ldap-utils
vi /etc/ssh/ldap-keys.sh
#!/bin/bash
# get configuration from /etc/ldap.conf
for x in $(sed -n 's/^\([a-zA-Z_]*\) \(.*\)$/\1="\2"/p' /etc/ldap.conf); do
eval $x;
done
# local user do not search ldap
for USER in `echo $nss_initgroups_ignoreusers|sed 's/,/ /g'`; do
if [ $USER == $1 ];then
exit
fi
done
OPTIONS=
case "$ssl" in
start_tls)
case "$tls_checkpeer" in
no) OPTIONS+="-Z";;
*) OPTIONS+="-ZZ";;
esac;;
esac
# ldap user search ldap sshPublicKey
ldapsearch $OPTIONS -H ${uri} -w "${bindpw}" -D "${binddn}" -b "${base}" '(&(objectClass=posixAccount)(uid='"$1"'))' 'sshPublicKey' \
| sed -n '/^ /{H;d};/sshPublicKey:/x;$g;s/\n *//g;s/sshPublicKey: //gp'
chmod +x /etc/ssh/ldap-keys.sh
# 拷贝旧的ssh启动脚本
cp /root/ssh.old /etc/init.d/ssh
# service ssh start
#开机启动
update-rc.d ssh defaults
# ssh 升级完成之后卸载telnet服务，还原配置
apt-get purge openbsd-inetd telnetd
sed -i '/Telnet/d' /etc/securetty
sed -i '/pts\//d' /etc/securetty
sed -i '/in.telnetd/d' /etc/hosts.deny
参考链接：
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/45739.htm
https://marc.waeckerlin.org/computer/blog/ssh_and_ldap
主机控制策略
http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/146609
服务端
# vi /etc/openldap/schema/ldapns.schema
# $
# : ldapns.schema,v 1.3 2009-10-01 19:17:20 tedcheng Exp $
# LDAP Name Service Additional Schema
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/gssapi-service-names
#
# Not part of the distribution: this is a workaround!
#
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.5322.17.2.1 NAME 'authorizedService'
DESC 'IANA GSS-API authorized service name'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{256} )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.5322.17.2.2 NAME 'loginStatus'
DESC 'Currently logged in sessions for a user'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX OMsDirectoryString )
objectclass ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.5322.17.1.1 NAME 'authorizedServiceObject'
DESC 'Auxiliary object class for adding authorizedService attribute'
SUP top
AUXILIARY
MAY authorizedService )
objectclass ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.5322.17.1.2 NAME 'hostObject'
DESC 'Auxiliary object class for adding host attribute'
SUP top
AUXILIARY
MAY host )
objectclass ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.5322.17.1.3 NAME 'loginStatusObject'
DESC 'Auxiliary object class for login status attribute'
SUP top
AUXILIARY
MAY loginStatus )
# vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
include /etc/openldap/schema/ldapns.schema
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
cat <<EOF | ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com -W -H ldap://ldap.xxyd.com/
dn: ou=APP,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
ou: APP
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
EOF
cat <<EOF | ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com -W -H ldap://ldap.xxyd.com/
dn: ou=DB,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
ou: DB
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
EOF
规划：
ou=APP 应用运维人员账户根路径；
ou=DB 数据库管理员账户根路径
Ubuntu客户端
# echo "pam_check_host_attr yes" >> /etc/pam_ldap.conf
# vi /etc/ldap.conf
nss_base_passwd ou=APP,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
nss_base_shadow ou=APP,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
nss_base_group ou=APP,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
## 注明：应用服务器设置ou=APP,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
## 数据库服务器设置ou=DB,ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
## 同时登陆应用和数据库服务器设置ou=People,dc=xxyd,dc=com
## /etc/ldap.conf配置文件注意不要有多余的空格分隔符，否则ldap-keys.sh脚本会报语法错误
# service nscd restart
CentOS 客户端
测试，应用运维人员只能登录应用服务器，数据库管理员只能登录数据库服务器
数据同步
主从同步
主服务器同步策略配置
编辑OpenLDAP主配置文件
vi /etc/ldap/slapd.conf
moduleload syncprov.la
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
overlay syncprov
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
重新生成数据库文件，使其配置生效
service slapd stop
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
ss -lnp |grep slapd
从服务器配置
编辑OpenLDAP主配置文件
vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
moduleload syncprov.la
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
syncrepl rid=002
provider=ldap://10.1.31.128:389/
type=refreshOnly
retry="60 10 600 +"
interval=00:00:00:10
searchbase="dc=xxyd,dc=com"
scope=sub
schemachecking=off
bindmethod=simple
binddn="cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
attrs="*,+"
credentials=PASSWD
# Refer updates to the master
updatedn "cn=admin,xxyd,dc=com"
updateref ldap://10.1.31.243
重新生成数据库文件，使其配置生效
service slapd stop
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
ss -lnp |grep slapd
导入数据条目
主服务器上导出数据条目：
ldapsearch -x -b 'dc=com,dc=cn' > ldapbackup.ldif
传输备份数据到备服务器上并导入
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f ldapbackup.ldif
比对主备服务器数据条目是否一致
ldapsearch -x -LLL |wc -l
重新生成数据库文件，使其配置生效
service slapd stop
rm -rf /etc/ldap/slapd.d/
slaptest -f /etc/ldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/ldap/slapd.d/
chown -R openldap.openldap /etc/ldap/slapd.d/
service slapd restart
ss -lnp |grep slapd
主从同步验证
主服务器上添加条目
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f group.test02.ldif
ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com" -W -f passwd.test02.ldif
查看从服务器上是否存在新添加的条目
ldapsearch -x -LLL uid=test02
查看同步日志
/var/log/syslog
多主同步（N-Way Multimaster）
服务器同步策略配置
多主模式，多台服务器配置一致，只需更改ip/域名即可
编辑OpenLDAP配置文件
# vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
moduleload syncprov.la
index entryUUID,entryCSN eq
overlay syncprov
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
serverID 1 ldaps://ldap01.xxyd.com
serverID 2 ldaps://ldap02.xxyd.com
syncrepl rid=001
provider=ldaps://ldap01.xxyd.com
binddn="cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
bindmethod=simple
credentials=PASSWD
searchbase="dc=xxyd,dc=com"
type=refreshAndPersist
retry="5 5 300 5"
timeout=1
syncrepl rid=002
provider=ldaps://ldap02.xxyd.com
binddn="cn=admin,dc=xxyd,dc=com"
bindmethod=simple
credentials=PASSWD
searchbase="dc=xxyd,dc=com"
type=refreshAndPersist
retry="5 5 300 5"
timeout=1
mirrormode TRUE
## 填写本机监听地址
# vi /etc/sysconfig/slapd
SLAPD_URLS="ldapi:/// ldaps://ldap01.xxyd.com"
rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d
systemctl restart slapd
同步数据测试
在一台主服务器上添加或删除数据，会立即同步到另一台主服务器上即测试成功。
高可用
方案一、
客户端连接两台openldap服务器（主从或主主模式或多主模式）
第一台不可用时会自动连接到第二台
vi /etc/ldap.conf
uri ldaps://ldap01.xxyd.com ldaps://ldap02.xxyd.com
重启服务
service nscd restart
方案二
两台openldap服务器使用主从或主主模式
结合keepalived配置VIP实现故障切换
客户端连接域名：uri ldaps://ldap.xxyd.com，ldap.xxyd.com域名指向VIP
自助修改密码
https://www.ilanni.com/?p=13822
数据备份
ldapsearch -x -b 'dc=xxyd,dc=com' > backupldap_$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M).ldif
参考链接：
http://chuansong.me/n/317694151860
https://blog.csdn.net/m1213642578/article/details/52578360
http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ch6/ppolicy.html
http://blog.163.com/excellent_2008/blog/static/30760156201392362414238/
https://serverfault.com/questions/653792/ssh-key-authentication-using-ldap
http://briteming.blogspot.com/2017/11/setting-up-openldap-server-with-openssh.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/moonson/archive/2008/11/20/1337775.html