Java读写锁，ReadWriteLock.java接口， RentrantReadWriteLock.java实现。通过读写锁，可以实现读-读线程并发，读-写，写-读线程互斥进行。以前面试遇到一个问题，ConcurrentHashMap的实现原理，如何封装Map效率更高。今天看了《Java并发编程实战》，封装的ReadWriteMap类，效率就比ConcurrentHashMap效率更高，在读多写少的场景。
ReadWriteMap.java
public class ReadWriteMap<K, V> {
private final Map<K, V> map;
private final ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private final Lock readLock = readWriteLock.readLock();
private final Lock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();
public ReadWriteMap(Map<K, V> map){
this.map = map;
}
public V put(K key, V value){
writeLock.lock();
try{
return map.put(key, value);
} finally {
//释放锁，一定要写在finally里面
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
public V get(K key){
readLock.lock();
try{
return map.get(key);
} finally {
readLock.unlock();
}
}
}ConcurrentHashMap里面的putVal()方法
/** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}
使用的是synchronized进行同步，synchronized是独占锁，在读多写少的情况下效率不高，极端情况就是所有都是读线程，串行执行。