CentOS下rpm命令详解
通用选项
-v 显示附加信息
-vv 显示调试信息
--root 让RPM将指定的路径做为"根目录"，这样预安装程序和后安
装程序都会安装到这个目录下
--dbpath 设置RPM 资料库存所在的路径为
查询
[root@localhost tmp]#rpm -q tree
tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64
#PKG为包全名
rpm -q PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qf /bin/ls
coreutils-8.4-43.el6.x86_64
rpm -qf /PATH/TO/FILE
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -q --changelog tree
* Thu Nov 27 2014 Tim Waugh <[email protected]> - 1.5.3-3
- Handle large UID/GID values (bug #1110559).
* Wed Mar 03 2010 Tim Waugh <[email protected]> 1.5.3-2
- Added comments to all patches.
...
rpm -q --changelog PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qi tree
Name : tree Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 1.5.3 Vendor: CentOS
Release : 3.el6 Build Date: Wed 14 Jan 2015 08:21:02 PM CST
Install Date: Sat 25 Mar 2017 04:17:05 AM CST Build Host: c6b9.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group : Applications/File Source RPM: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.src.rpm
...
rpm -qi PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ql tree
/usr/bin/tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
rpm -ql PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qd tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
rpm -qd PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qc bash
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bash_profile
/etc/skel/.bashrc
rpm -qc PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -q --scripts bash
postinstall scriptlet (using <lua>):
bashfound = false;
shfound = false;
f = io.open("/etc/shells", "r");
if f == nil
then
...
#有四个时间点可以执行脚本程序:包安装前、安装后、卸载前以及卸载后
安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc- ## 按两次tab键
gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-java-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gfortran-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gnat-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#/PATH/TO/PKG为rpm包的路径
rpm -ivh /PATH/TO/PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --noscripts tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --noscripts PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --replacepkgs tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --replacepkgs PKG
| -h | 安装时以#显示安装进度 |
| --percent | 以百分比的形式输出安装的进度 |
| --test | 测试安装 |
| --replacepkgs | 替换属于其它软件包的文件 |
| --force | 忽略软件包及文件的冲突 |
| --noscripts | 不运行预安装和后安装脚本 |
| --ignorearch | 不校验软件包的结构 |
| --ignoreos | 不检查软件包运行的操作系统 |
| --nodeps | 不检查依赖性关系 |
卸载
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -e gcc
rpm -e PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -e --noscripts tree
rpm -e --noscripts PKG
升级
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -Uvh tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh PKG
或
rpm -Fvh PKG