Django中Model-Form验证
class UserType(models.Model):
caption=models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserInfo(models.Model):
username=models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='用户名')
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱') user_type = models.ForeignKey(to='UserType',to_field='id',on_delete='on_delete')
models.py
class Modelform(forms.ModelForm): # modelForm
class Meta: #Meta类
model = models.UserInfo
fields = '__all__' #__all__列出所有的字段
# fields = ['username','email']
# exclude = ['user_type'] #排除
def model_form(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = Modelform()
return render(request,'modelform.html',{'obj':obj})
elif request.method == "POST":
obj = Modelform(request.POST)
print(obj.is_valid())
print(obj.cleaned_data)
return render(request, 'modelform.html', {'obj': obj})views.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body> <form action="/xiaoqing/model_form/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ obj.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form> </body>
</html>
modelform.html
from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets
class Modelform(forms.ModelForm): # modelForm class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = '__all__' #__all__列出所有的字段
# fields = ['username','email']
# exclude = ['user_type'] #排除
labels = {'username':'用户名','email':'邮箱',}
# 也可以这样设置 不在models.py里设置
widgets = {
'username': Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class': 'c1'}) }
help_texts = {'username': '提示信息'} error_messages = { 'email':{'required':'邮箱不能为空',}
}
Model-Form组件
ModelForm
a. class Meta:
model, # 对应Model的
fields=None, # 字段
exclude=None, # 排除字段
labels=None, # 提示信息
help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息
widgets=None, # 自定义插件
error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS）
field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段）
localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据
如：
数据库中
2016-12-27 04:10:57
setting中的配置
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = True
则显示：
2016-12-27 12:10:57
b. 验证执行过程
is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证
def clean_字段名(self):
# 可以抛出异常
# from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
return "新值"
d. 用于验证
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm()
model_form_obj.is_valid()
model_form_obj.errors.as_json()
model_form_obj.clean()
model_form_obj.cleaned_data
e. 用于创建
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST)
#### 页面显示，并提交 #####
# 默认保存多对多
obj = form.save(commit=True)
# 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多）
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.save() # 保存单表信息
obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息 f. 用于更新和初始化
obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1)
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj)
... PS: 单纯初始化
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})